Brewaeys · Human reproduction (Oxford, England) 1997 · cross-sectional comparative study · n=98

Donor insemination: child development and family functioning in lesbian mother families.

Cited 286 times in the scientific literature.

Level 4 - case-series / case-control

Cross-sectional comparative study with concurrent comparison groups

PubMed 9222029 · doi:10.1093/humrep/12.6.1349 · record verified 2026-08-26

What was done

Researchers compared 30 lesbian mother families with children aged 4 to 8 years conceived via donor insemination against two comparison groups: 38 heterosexual families with a donor insemination child and 30 heterosexual families with a naturally conceived child (total n = 98 families). Data were gathered using standardized parent interviews and questionnaires, alongside psychological testing of the children to assess couple relationships, parent-child interactions, child perceptions of parents, and emotional, behavioral, and gender role development.

What was found

The abstract reports no numerical values, test statistics, or p-values. Couple relationship quality and mother-child interaction quality did not differ between lesbian mother families and either heterosexual comparison group. The quality of interaction between the social mother and child in lesbian families was reported as superior to father-child interactions in both heterosexual groups. Children's perceptions of their parents were similar across family types, with social mothers regarded as parents to the same degree as fathers. Emotional, behavioral, and gender role development did not differ between children in lesbian and heterosexual families.

Why it matters

The study adds early comparative evidence showing that family functioning and child psychological and gender development in donor-insemination lesbian mother families are comparable to those in heterosexual families.

Limits

The abstract provides no raw numbers, effect sizes, or confidence intervals. The sample size is small (n = 98 total families), the cross-sectional design cannot evaluate long-term outcomes past early childhood (ages 4–8), and selection or reporting biases cannot be ruled out from the available summary.

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