Richard A. Easterlin · Demography 1978 · Demographic narrative review and theoretical projection · n=?

What will 1984 be like? Socioeconomic implications of recent twists in age structure

Cited 354 times in the scientific literature.

Level 5 - mechanism / opinion, no new human data

Level 5 by non-clinical design analogy (macro-demographic theoretical synthesis without controlled or individual-level data).

OpenAlex W2078715573 · doi:10.2307/2061197 · record verified 2026-08-28

What was done

Analyzed shifts in the relative number of younger versus older adults in the United States from 1940 through the 1970s and projected socioeconomic trends for the 1980s based on age structure changes under conditions of restricted immigration and high aggregate demand.

What was found

The abstract reports no numerical data, percentages, or statistical test results. Qualitatively, it reports that between 1940 and 1960, a relative shortage of young males coincided with improved relative economic position and favorable social trends. After 1960, a growing supply of young adults coincided with relative economic deterioration, deferred marriage, reduced fertility, above-average growth in young female labor force participation, rising unemployment and inflation, increased cohort divorce, higher young male suicide, rising crime, political alienation, interrupted college enrollment growth, and declining SAT scores. A reversal of these adverse conditions was projected for the 1980s as young adults became relatively scarce.

Why it matters

Articulates a macroeconomic and demographic framework linking large relative cohort sizes among young adults to widespread socioeconomic distress and predicts demographic relief in the 1980s.

Limits

The abstract provides no empirical numbers or formal statistical models. The framework relies on macro-level observational correlations over time, leaving findings susceptible to confounding by concurrent social, cultural, and political changes, and depends on assumptions of sustained demand and restricted immigration that may not generalize.

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