Robert J. MacCoun · The British Journal of Psychiatry 2001 · narrative policy review and cross-national comparative analysis · n=?

Evaluating alternative cannabis regimes

Cited 172 times in the scientific literature.

Level 5 - mechanism / opinion, no new human data

Narrative policy review and cross-national aggregate comparison (by design analogy, non-clinical CEBM)

OpenAlex W2112660815 · doi:10.1192/bjp.178.2.123 · record verified 2026-08-26

What was done

The authors reviewed evidence on the effects of cannabis depenalisation across the USA, Australia, and the Netherlands. They updated and extended a previous empirical comparison (MacCoun & Reuter, 1997) evaluating cannabis prevalence statistics across the USA, the Netherlands, and other European nations.

What was found

The abstract reports no numerical values or statistical estimates. It reports qualitatively that depenalisation of possession of small quantities of cannabis does not increase cannabis prevalence, whereas the commercial promotion and sales associated with the Dutch model may significantly increase cannabis prevalence.

Why it matters

The paper suggests that depenalising possession alongside permitting personal cultivation offers an alternative to aggressive prohibition without the potential consumption spikes of full commercial legalization.

Limits

The abstract provides no quantitative data, sample sizes, or formal systematic review methodology. Comparisons rely on aggregate national-level prevalence data, which are vulnerable to unmeasured confounding from cross-national cultural, economic, and reporting differences.

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