Cristiano Castelfranchi · Cambridge University Press eBooks 1990 · theoretical chapter / conceptual review · n=?

Blushing as a discourse: Was Darwin wrong?

Cited 107 times in the scientific literature.

Level 5 - mechanism / opinion, no new human data

Theoretical conceptual book chapter with no empirical data (design analogy).

OpenAlex W2301661141 · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511571183.009 · record verified 2026-08-26

What was done

This conceptual book chapter analyzed the social and biological functions of shame and the communicative role of blushing. It critiqued Charles Darwin's proposal that blushing has no specific adaptive function and conceptually delineated shame from embarrassment through linguistic and functional frameworks.

What was found

The abstract reports no empirical data or quantitative findings. It presents theoretical arguments that shame and embarrassment act as unpleasant social emotions functioning as cognitive mediators to avoid or remediate interpersonal disruption, and proposes that blushing carries communicative value.

Why it matters

The chapter provides a theoretical framework interpreting blushing and shame as functional interpersonal signals rather than incidental or maladaptive physiological side effects.

Limits

This work is entirely theoretical and conceptual without experimental testing, empirical data collection, or statistical outcomes reported in the abstract.

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