Charles Spence · International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science 2017 · narrative review · n=?

Breakfast: The most important meal of the day?

Cited 107 times in the scientific literature.

Level 5 - mechanism / opinion, no new human data

Narrative review without systematic methodology or primary human trial data

OpenAlex W2585199124 · doi:10.1016/j.ijgfs.2017.01.003 · record verified 2026-08-26

What was done

Narrative review exploring the psychological science surrounding the first meal of the day, dietary viewpoints regarding weight loss and cognitive performance, food industry strategies, and evolving consumer trends in breakfast food choice.

What was found

The abstract reports no numerical findings, quantitative metrics, or statistical comparisons. It provides an overview of psychological, commercial, and cultural factors that shape breakfast consumption patterns.

Why it matters

Provides an interdisciplinary commentary connecting psychological science and food industry perspectives on the significance of breakfast.

Limits

As a narrative review, it lacks a systematic search strategy, empirical sample, or statistical synthesis. No primary experimental or clinical data are presented in the abstract.

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