Noel Lenski · 2003 · historical biography · n=?

Failure of EmpireValens and the Roman State in the Fourth Century A.D.

Cited 91 times in the scientific literature.

Level 5 - mechanism / opinion, no new human data

Historical monograph and narrative synthesis; Level 5 by design analogy, not clinical CEBM.

OpenAlex W2588322745 · doi:10.1525/california/9780520233324.001.0001 · record verified 2026-08-31

What was done

This historical monograph provides a biography and institutional analysis of the Roman emperor Valens and his reign from A.D. 364 to 378. The study synthesizes archaeological evidence alongside historical, Gothic, and Armenian textual sources to examine the social, cultural, religious, economic, administrative, and military structures of the fourth-century Roman state.

What was found

The abstract reports no quantitative data. The qualitative analysis concludes that while Valens' reign ended in military collapse at Adrianople alongside economic disarray and religious persecution, he maintained effective frontier defense and administration, ultimately failing due to structural mismatches between imperial capacity and external pressures.

Why it matters

It offers a reassessment of fourth-century Roman governance by contextualizing Valens' political and military decisions within broader structural crises rather than attributing imperial decline solely to personal failure.

Limits

As a qualitative historical biography, findings depend on the interpretation of fragmented and surviving ancient textual and archaeological sources. The abstract reports no quantitative measurements or formal comparative controls.

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