Margarita Chudnovskaya · European Journal of Population / Revue européenne de Démographie 2019 · retrospective cohort study · n=?

Trends in Childlessness Among Highly Educated Men in Sweden

Cited 122 times in the scientific literature.

Level 3 - non-randomized controlled study

Level 3 by design analogy (longitudinal demographic cohort study).

OpenAlex W2765974405 · doi:10.1007/s10680-018-9511-3 · record verified 2026-08-26

What was done

Demographic cohort study assessing Swedish men born between 1956 and 1972 who held post-secondary degrees, tracking their childlessness status up to age 45. The study evaluated how educational prestige (degree level and institution type), social class background, and income related to the probability of fatherhood across birth cohorts.

What was found

One in four men with post-secondary degrees remained childless by age 45, a proportion that stayed constant across the 1956–1972 cohorts. Higher income and higher social class background were consistently and positively associated with becoming a father over time. In contrast, educational prestige (advanced degrees or degrees from traditional universities) was not positively associated with fatherhood, whereas 2-year degrees became increasingly positively associated with fatherhood across successive cohorts. Specific numerical effect sizes, odds ratios, or confidence intervals were not reported in the abstract.

Why it matters

These findings suggest that tangible socioeconomic resources rather than formal educational credentials primarily drive male family formation in Sweden, contrasting with predictions based on educational homophily and partner-market models.

Limits

The abstract does not disclose the total sample size or quantitative risk estimates. The study is observational, cannot establish causation, and reflects the specific institutional and gender-ratio context of the Swedish educational and labor market.

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