Esther Duflo · American Economic Review 2015 · randomized controlled trial · n=?

Education, HIV, and Early Fertility: Experimental Evidence from Kenya

Cited 369 times in the scientific literature.

Level 2 - randomized trial

Level 2 by design analogy (randomized evaluation in economics, not clinical CEBM)

OpenAlex W3124286696 · doi:10.1257/aer.20121607 · record verified 2026-08-28

What was done

Researchers evaluated a seven-year randomized intervention in Kenya testing the effects of education subsidies, a government abstinence-based HIV curriculum, and their combination on adolescent girls' school dropout, pregnancy, marriage, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

What was found

The abstract reports directional outcomes without numerical data: - Education subsidies reduced dropout, pregnancy, and marriage, but did not reduce STIs. - The government HIV curriculum alone did not reduce pregnancy or STIs. - Combining education subsidies with the curriculum reduced STIs more than subsidies alone, but reduced dropout and pregnancy less than subsidies alone.

Why it matters

The paper demonstrates that lowering educational costs directly influences key life outcomes for adolescent girls and suggests that abstinence-based curricula alone fail to curb STIs or unintended pregnancies.

Limits

The abstract provides no sample size, effect sizes, or confidence intervals. The findings reflect specific educational and social contexts in Kenya and may not directly generalize to other settings.

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