Debby Herbenick · The Journal of Sexual Medicine 2021 · cross-sectional survey · n=4,989

Diverse Sexual Behaviors in Undergraduate Students: Findings From a Campus Probability Survey

Cited 57 times in the scientific literature.

Level 4 - case-series / case-control

Cross-sectional probability survey (observational study without control group)

OpenAlex W3160641103 · doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.03.006 · record verified 2026-08-27

What was done

A confidential, online cross-sectional survey was administered to a random sample of 4,989 undergraduate students at a large U.S. university to evaluate the frequency and recency of solo, partnered, and rough sex behaviors, as well as consent dynamics regarding choking and face slapping.

What was found

The most prevalent general sexual behaviors reported were solo masturbation (88.6%), receiving oral sex (79.4%), performing oral sex (78.4%), penile-vaginal intercourse (73.5%), and partnered masturbation (71.1%). Anal intercourse was reported by 16.8% for receiving and 25.3% for performing. Among participants with partnered sexual experience, 59.1% had been lightly spanked, 47.3% had been choked, 43.0% had choked a partner, and 12.1% had been slapped on the face during sex.

Why it matters

These findings highlight the high prevalence of rough sex behaviors like choking among undergraduate students, underscoring the need for college health clinicians and educators to discuss physical risks and consent beyond standard STI and pregnancy counseling.

Limits

The study was conducted at a single university using self-reported cross-sectional data. It did not assess whether sexual experiences were wanted, pleasurable, or appealing, and consent was examined only for choking and face slapping rather than all behaviors.

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