Richard M. Ingersoll · Education Sciences 2021 · repeated cross-sectional survey analysis · n=?

The Demographic Transformation of the Teaching Force in the United States

Cited 116 times in the scientific literature.

Level 4 - case-series / case-control

Level 4 by design analogy (repeated cross-sectional national survey data; non-clinical).

OpenAlex W3161757619 · doi:10.3390/educsci11050234 · record verified 2026-08-26

What was done

Demographic trends in the US elementary and secondary teaching force were evaluated over three decades (1987 to 2018) using data from the Schools and Staffing Survey and the National Teacher Principal Survey conducted by the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES).

What was found

The abstract reports no numerical values or effect sizes. It identifies seven major demographic trends: the US teaching force became larger, older, less experienced, more female, more racially/ethnically diverse, and more unstable, while academic ability remained consistent.

Why it matters

Identifying long-term shifts in teacher demographics and retention provides foundational context for educational policy, workforce planning, and teacher preparation programs.

Limits

No quantitative data, sample sizes, or statistical confidence measures are reported in the abstract. The study relies on repeated cross-sectional survey data rather than following individual teacher cohorts over time, and criteria for measuring attributes such as stability and academic ability are not defined.

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