Fabrizio Esposito · European Journal of Risk Regulation 2024 · legal and policy analysis · n=?

Addictive Design as an Unfair Commercial Practice: The Case of Hyper-Engaging Dark Patterns

Cited 19 times in the scientific literature.

Level 5 - mechanism / opinion, no new human data

design analogy for non-clinical legal/normative analysis containing no empirical data

OpenAlex W4393148676 · doi:10.1017/err.2024.8 · record verified 2026-08-31

What was done

The author conducted a legal and conceptual analysis evaluating whether digital interfaces featuring addictive designs ("hyper-engaging dark patterns") violate European Union consumer protection frameworks, focusing on the Unfair Commercial Practices Directive, the Digital Services Act, and the Artificial Intelligence Act.

What was found

The abstract reports no empirical data or quantitative findings. The author argues conceptually that hyper-engaging dark patterns operate as hypernudges that exploit dopamine pathways and diminish user autonomy, concluding that existing EU law (specifically the Unfair Commercial Practices Directive) should prohibit them as undue influence or under the general unfairness test.

Why it matters

The paper proposes an actionable legal framework to regulate addictive digital platform interfaces under existing EU consumer protection and digital market regulations.

Limits

The work is purely conceptual and legal analysis. The abstract reports no empirical data, psychological testing, sample sizes, or platform audits to measure the prevalence or direct behavioral effects of these designs.

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