Frei · Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology 2022 · narrative review · n=?

Environmental influences on childhood allergies and asthma - The Farm effect.

Cited 44 times in the scientific literature.

Level 5 - mechanism / opinion, no new human data

Narrative review synthesizing epidemiological and mechanistic studies without original data or systematic review methodology

PubMed 35754122 · doi:10.1111/pai.13807 · record verified 2026-08-31

What was done

Narrative review synthesizing existing epidemiological and mechanistic literature on the "farm effect," focusing on environmental microbes, biochemical mediators such as N-glycolylneuraminic acid and arabinogalactan, and dietary factors including farm milk and food diversity.

What was found

The abstract reports no numerical data, effect estimates, or sample sizes. It qualitatively describes that farm exposures promote anti-inflammatory innate immune responses, gut bacteria producing short-chain fatty acids, and the differentiation of regulatory T cells and T helper cell type 1.

Why it matters

Understanding the specific microbial, nutritional, and biochemical mechanisms underlying farm-related protection could inform targeted preventive strategies for pediatric asthma and allergies.

Limits

The abstract provides no quantitative metrics, meta-analytic pooling, or systematic search criteria. The claim that farm-raised children are "immune" to allergic diseases overstates epidemiological associations, and potential confounders or adverse effects of farm exposures are not addressed in the summary.

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