Mitochondria are a primary site where a significant amount of cellular protein synthesis occurs.
"what people forget is that mitochondria is where a lot of protein synthesis is actually happening." (said at 0:32:48)
The claim that mitochondria are where "a lot of protein synthesis is actually happening" or a primary site for cellular protein synthesis is contradicted by cellular biology research. Human mitochondrial DNA encodes only 13 proteins (all subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation system), while the vast majority (approximately 99%) of all mitochondrial proteins—and essentially all non-mitochondrial cellular proteins—are transcribed from nuclear DNA and synthesized by cytosolic ribosomes before being imported into the organelle. Thus, mitochondrial translation accounts for only a minute fraction of overall cellular protein synthesis.
- contradicts: The Journey of Mitochondrial Protein Import and the Roadmap to Follow. (International journal of molecular sciences 2023)
"Mitochondria are fascinatingly equipped with their own genome and machinery for transcribing and translating 13 essential proteins of the oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS). The rest of the proteins (99%) that function in mitochondria in the various pathways described above are nuclear-transcribed and synthesized as precursors in the cytosol." (abstract, passage verified)
pubmedfull study (doi) - contradicts: Molecular pathways in mitochondrial disorders due to a defective mitochondrial protein syn… (Frontiers in cell and developmental biology 2024)
"mitochondria contain their own genome, which encodes 13 subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation system, as well as the tRNAs and rRNAs necessary for their translation in the organelle." (abstract, passage verified)
pubmedfull study (doi)