Brady Holmer is an endurance athlete and researcher working in exercise physiology and cardiovascular health. His published research examines the cardiovascular impacts of exercise, including high-intensity interval training and cardiac troponin release in individuals with cardiovascular disease or type 2 diabetes. He has also authored studies investigating the effects of sleep deprivation on endothelial function as well as the impact of energy drinks and exogenous ketones on athletic performance.
According to the Stamatakis et al. study, 1 minute of vigorous physical activity is equivalent to 53 to 94 minutes of light physical activity across major health outcomes.
"So for all of the main outcomes including cancer light activity u one minute of vigorous activity was equal to 53 to 94 minutes um of light activity." (said at 0:25:43)
In a prospective UK Biobank cohort study of 73,485 participants using device-measured physical activity, Stamatakis et al. (PMID 41057301) found that for a standardized 5% to 35% risk reduction, the median light physical activity (LPA) equivalent per 1 minute of vigorous physical activity (VPA) ranged from 53 minutes (for all-cause mortality) to 94 minutes (for type 2 diabetes). However, the authors explicitly specified that this 53- to 94-minute equivalence range applied to non-cancer outcomes, rather than including cancer.
Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) occurs when physical activity exceeds nutritional energy intake, and female athletes—particularly in endurance disciplines—are more prone to underfueling than male athletes.
"relative energy deficiency in sport, RED-S, is a if if you're doing more activity than you're fueling your body for. And women are um more prone to kind of that underfueling than maybe males are, um especially kind of in the endurance sports realm." (said at 1:51:05)
Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S/REDs) is defined by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) as a syndrome of impaired physiological function caused by low energy availability (LEA), where dietary energy intake is insufficient to support exercise energy expenditure alongside basic bodily functions. Endurance disciplines carry particularly high rates of LEA and RED-S. While historically recognized primarily in females (formerly termed the Female Athlete Triad), systematic reviews and recent IOC consensus updates show that underfueling is also highly prevalent among male endurance athletes, with some meta-analyses demonstrating comparable rates of LEA across both sexes.
- supports: The IOC consensus statement: beyond the Female Athlete Triad--Relative Energy Deficiency i… (British journal of sports medicine 2014) · cited 1458x in the literature
"The cause of this syndrome is energy deficiency relative to the balance between dietary energy intake and energy expenditure required for health and activities of daily living, growth and sporting activities." (abstract, results, passage verified)
pubmedfull study (doi) - supports: 2023 International Olympic Committee's (IOC) consensus statement on Relative Energy Defici… (British journal of sports medicine 2023) · cited 662x in the literature
"Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) was first introduced in 2014 by the International Olympic Committee's expert writing panel, identifying a syndrome of deleterious health and performance outcomes experienced by female and male athletes exposed to low energy availability (LEA; inadequate energy intake in relation to exercise energy expenditure)." (abstract, results, passage verified)
pubmedfull study (doi) - context: Low Energy Availability and Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport: A Systematic Review and M… (Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) 2025) · cited 60x in the literature
"A total of 59 studies met the inclusion criteria for this meta-analysis, and 2737 of 6118 athletes (44.7%) in 46 different studies were determined to have LEA, including 44.2% of female athletes and 49.4% of male athletes." (abstract, results, passage verified)
pubmedfull study (doi)