Stuart Phillips
McMaster University
Stuart Phillips, PhD, is a professor of kinesiology and the director of the Physical Activity Centre of Excellence at McMaster University. His research focuses on the roles of exercise and nutrition in regulating human skeletal muscle protein turnover and body composition, particularly during aging. His published work investigates resistance training protocols, muscle hypertrophy mechanisms, dietary protein requirements, and physical function recovery.
47 claims checked on air: 1 context 1 contradicted 27 supported 18 unverified 1 flagged
What they said on air - flagged
Nitrogen balance studies used to establish the RDA for protein are prone to errors due to incomplete collection and overestimation of nitrogen losses.
"The original studies that led to the derivation of the Recommended Dietary Allowance are what we call nitrogen balance... Those studies we've known for a long time are problematic because of incomplete collection, overestimation, etc., of losses." (said at 0:15:48)
While dietary reference values (such as the Recommended Dietary Allowance) for protein were historically established using nitrogen balance studies, the speaker states the direction of the methodological error backwards. In classical nitrogen balance studies, incomplete collection of urine/feces and unmeasured miscellaneous routes (such as sweat, hair, skin desquamation, and flatus) lead to an underestimation of nitrogen losses (output) and an overestimation of intake, resulting in an artificially positive balance and potential underestimation of true protein requirements, rather than an overestimation of losses.
- contradicts: Uses and limitations of the balance technique. (JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition 1987) · cited 78x in the literature
"The errors tend to overestimate intake and underestimate output, thereby leading to erroneously positive balances. These errors include losses of food on cooking and eating utensils and dishware, losses of feces or urine on toilet paper or in collection containers, and losses through sweat, exfoliated skin, hair and nail growth, saliva, menses, blood sampling, toothbrushing, semen, and, for nitrogen, from flatus and respiration." (abstract, results, passage verified)
pubmedfull study (doi) - supports: The indicator amino acid oxidation (IAAO) technique: a novel approach to assess protein in… (Critical reviews in food science and nutrition 2026) · cited 5x in the literature
"Protein intakes to meet the dietary requirement (the Recommended Daily Allowance, RDA; 0.83 g protein·kg BM -1 ·d -1 ) were determined using nitrogen balance methodology." (abstract, results, passage verified)
pubmedfull study (doi)
Fact-checked episodes
Publications
- Daily Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis Rates Do Not Differ During Interval Compared to Continuous Exercise Training Matched for Duration and Work in Healthy Young Men.International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism 2026 · CEBM Level 2
- Tension to Translation: External to Internal Processes in Muscle Hypertrophy.Physiology (Bethesda, Md.) 2026 · CEBM Level 5
- Measurement properties of the sit-to-stand test in community-dwelling people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a COSMIN systematic review.Thorax 2026 · CEBM Level 1
- Advancing Physical Function Outcomes in Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Trials.Annals of internal medicine 2026 · CEBM Level 5
- Skeletal muscle metabolomic markers underlying the enhanced exercise-induced hypertrophy response to resistance training in older adults.GeroScience 2026 · CEBM Level 3
- Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation does not attenuate declines in skeletal muscle mitochondrial area in young, healthy females during immobilization.Physiological reports 2026 · CEBM Level 2
- Sports Nutrition.Current developments in nutrition 2026 · CEBM Level 5
- Menopause and Muscle: Closer to Answers, but Significant Questions Remain.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle 2026 · CEBM Level 5
- A network-based atlas of human skeletal muscle aging.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences 2026 · CEBM Level 5
- Post-hospital physical rehabilitation for physical function recovery among community-dwelling survivors of critical illness: A systematic review protocol.PloS one 2026 · CEBM Level 5
- American College of Sports Medicine Position Stand. Resistance Training Prescription for Muscle Function, Hypertrophy, and Physical Performance in Healthy Adults: An Overview of Reviews.Medicine and science in sports and exercise 2026 · CEBM Level 1
- Skeletal muscle mitochondrial marker responses to a single bout and 6 weeks of high load versus high volume resistance training in previously trained men.Experimental physiology 2026 · CEBM Level 2
- A Four-Day Cold Shower Protocol Does Not Increase Salivary Testosterone in a Small Cohort of Male Athletes: A Research Communication.Health science reports 2026 · CEBM Level 3
- Examining widely held propositions on human dietary protein needs and benefits: a critical review of the science that shapes both the data and our understanding of an essential macronutrient.Critical reviews in food science and nutrition 2026 · CEBM Level 5
- Methodological Considerations for Studies in Sport and Exercise Science with Women as Participants Part II: Guidance for Applied Studies in Elite Female Athletes.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) 2026 · CEBM Level 5
- Menstrual Cycle Phase Does Not Influence Training-Induced Muscle Hypertrophy or Strength: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Medicine and science in sports and exercise 2026 · CEBM Level 2
- Impact of Resistance Training on Body Composition, Physical Fitness, and Cardiometabolic Health in Children and Adolescents With Overweight/Obesity: An Umbrella Review With Meta-Analyses.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity 2026 · CEBM Level 1
- Research into resistance training response heterogeneity: a summary of the 2025 conference at the University of Jyväskylä.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) 2026 · CEBM Level 5
- Power Exercise for Stroke Recovery: The POWER Feasibility Trial.Journal of neurologic physical therapy : JNPT 2026 · CEBM Level 3
- Mobility measures and waking-day movement behaviour composition among older adults: a compositional data analysis of the McMaster Monitoring My Mobility study.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity 2026 · CEBM Level 4
- The Components of Physical Fitness: A Roundtable Statement by the American College of Sports Medicine.Medicine and science in sports and exercise 2026 · CEBM Level 5
- Response.Medicine and science in sports and exercise 2026 · CEBM Level 5
- Imaging-Derived Sarcopenic Obesity and Cardiovascular Outcomes: Insights Into Heart Failure Risk and Muscle Biology.Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2026 · CEBM Level 3
- Handgrip and leg strength and risk of severe fall injuries in adults aged ≥ 80 years: a prospective HUNT study.BMC geriatrics 2026 · CEBM Level 3
- Prescribing strength training for stroke recovery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.British journal of sports medicine 2025 · CEBM Level 1
- Effectiveness of physiotherapist-led tele-rehabilitation for older adults with chronic conditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Disability and rehabilitation 2025 · CEBM Level 1
- Summary of the 2024 Professionals in Nutrition for Exercise and Sport "10 Questions/10 Experts" Session-Hot Topics for the Paris Olympic Games.International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism 2025 · CEBM Level 5
- AMPK regulates the maintenance and remodelling of the neuromuscular junction.Molecular metabolism 2025 · CEBM Level 5
- Exploring Opportunities to Better Characterize the Effects of Dietary Protein on Health across the Lifespan.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) 2025 · CEBM Level 5
- Menstrual cycle phase does not influence muscle protein synthesis or whole-body myofibrillar proteolysis in response to resistance exercise.The Journal of physiology 2025 · CEBM Level 2
- Do People With Stroke Meet Aerobic and Muscle-Strengthening Activity Guidelines? Data From the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.Journal of neurologic physical therapy : JNPT 2025 · CEBM Level 4
- An Expert Consensus Statement on Biomarkers of Aging for Use in Intervention Studies.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences 2025 · CEBM Level 5
- From molecular to physical function: The aging trajectory.Current research in physiology 2025 · CEBM Level 5
- Does increasing the resistance-training volume lead to greater gains? The effects of weekly set progressions on muscular adaptations in females.Journal of sports sciences 2025 · CEBM Level 2
- Impact of successive sets of high-intensity leg press on cerebral hemodynamics across menstrual cycle phases.American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology 2025 · CEBM Level 3
- Turning over new ideas in human skeletal muscle proteostasis: What do we know and where to from here?Experimental physiology 2025 · CEBM Level 5
- Oral contraceptive pill phase does not influence muscle protein synthesis or myofibrillar proteolysis at rest or in response to resistance exercise.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) 2025 · CEBM Level 2
- Skeletal Muscle: A Critical Organ for Survival and Recovery in Critical Illness.Critical care clinics 2025 · CEBM Level 5
- Why We Must Stop Assuming and Estimating Menstrual Cycle Phases in Laboratory and Field-Based Sport Related Research.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) 2025 · CEBM Level 5
- Lack of evidence for Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in enhancing lean mass, muscle strength, and physical function in healthy adults and clinical populations: An overview of reviews.Clinical nutrition ESPEN 2025 · CEBM Level 1
- Older Adults' Perspectives on Participating in a Synchronous Online Exercise Program: Qualitative Study.JMIR aging 2025 · CEBM Level 4
- Study protocol for the randomized controlled trial of EMBOLDEN: a multifaceted intervention aimed at Enhancing physical and community MoBility in OLDEr adults with health inequities using commuNity co-design.Frontiers in public health 2025 · CEBM Level 5
- Identification of a resistance-exercise-specific signalling pathway that drives skeletal muscle growth.Nature metabolism 2025 · CEBM Level 5
- Animal and plant protein usual intakes are not adversely associated with all-cause, cardiovascular disease-, or cancer-related mortality risk: an NHANES III analysis.Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme 2025 · CEBM Level 3
- Relationship between biomarkers and pain and falls in middle aged and older adults - An analysis of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.Archives of gerontology and geriatrics 2025 · CEBM Level 3
- Comment on 'Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Protein Intake to Support Muscle Mass and Function in Healthy Adults' by Nunes et al.-The Authors' Reply.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle 2025 · CEBM Level 5
- Load-induced human skeletal muscle hypertrophy: Mechanisms, myths, and misconceptions.Journal of sport and health science 2025 · CEBM Level 5
- Author response to discussion of "Animal and plant protein usual intakes are not adversely associated with all-cause, cardiovascular disease-, or cancer-related mortality risk: an NHANES III analysis".Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme 2025 · CEBM Level 5
- Resistance training load does not determine resistance training-induced hypertrophy across upper and lower limbs in healthy young males.The Journal of physiology 2025 · CEBM Level 2
- A Virtual Versus In-Person Comparison of the Senior Fitness Test: A Randomized Crossover Trial.Physiotherapy Canada. Physiotherapie Canada 2025 · CEBM Level 2
- The influence of resistance exercise training prescription variables on skeletal muscle mass, strength, and physical function in healthy adults: An umbrella review.Journal of sport and health science 2024 · CEBM Level 1
- People with obesity exhibit losses in muscle proteostasis that are partly improved by exercise training.Proteomics 2024 · CEBM Level 3
- Resistance-only and concurrent exercise induce similar myofibrillar protein synthesis rates and associated molecular responses in moderately active men before and after training.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 2024 · CEBM Level 2
- Low Energy Availability Followed by Optimal Energy Availability Does Not Benefit Performance in Trained Females.Medicine and science in sports and exercise 2024 · CEBM Level 2
- Low baseline ribosome-related gene expression and resistance training-induced declines in ribosome-related gene expression are associated with skeletal muscle hypertrophy in young men and women.Journal of cellular physiology 2024 · CEBM Level 3
- Therapeutic Quality Affects Physical Fitness Benefits of Home Exercise Interventions in Older Adults: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression.Journal of geriatric physical therapy (2001) 2024 · CEBM Level 1
- The International Olympic Committee framework on fairness, inclusion and nondiscrimination on the basis of gender identity and sex variations does not protect fairness for female athletes.Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 2024 · CEBM Level 5
- Longitudinal Monitoring of Biomechanical and Psychological State in Collegiate Female Basketball Athletes Using Principal Component Analysis.Translational sports medicine 2024 · CEBM Level 3
- The effects of whey, pea, and collagen protein supplementation beyond the recommended dietary allowance on integrated myofibrillar protein synthetic rates in older males: a randomized controlled trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition 2024 · CEBM Level 2
- Muscle Protein Synthesis in Response to Plant-Based Protein Isolates With and Without Added Leucine Versus Whey Protein in Young Men and Women.Current developments in nutrition 2024 · CEBM Level 2
- Measure do not guess: a call to action to end assumed and estimated menstrual cycle phases in research.BMJ open sport & exercise medicine 2024 · CEBM Level 5
- The utility-and limitations-of the rodent synergist ablation model in examining mechanisms of skeletal muscle hypertrophy.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology 2024 · CEBM Level 5
- Mitigating disuse-induced skeletal muscle atrophy in ageing: Resistance exercise as a critical countermeasure.Experimental physiology 2024 · CEBM Level 5
- Exercise-specific adaptations in human skeletal muscle: Molecular mechanisms of making muscles fit and mighty.Free radical biology & medicine 2024 · CEBM Level 5
- Hormones, Hypertrophy, and Hype: An Evidence-Guided Primer on Endogenous Endocrine Influences on Exercise-Induced Muscle Hypertrophy.Exercise and sport sciences reviews 2024 · CEBM Level 5
- Muscle matters: the effects of medically induced weight loss on skeletal muscle.The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology 2024 · CEBM Level 5
- Assessing Muscle Protein Synthesis Rates In Vivo in Humans: The Deuterated Water ( 2 H 2 O) Method.The Journal of nutrition 2024 · CEBM Level 5
- The effect of home-based neuromuscular electrical stimulation-resistance training and protein supplementation on lean mass in persons with spinal cord injury: A pilot study.Physiological reports 2024 · CEBM Level 2
- Muscle loss: does one size fit all? A comment on Bozzetti's paper.Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care 2024 · CEBM Level 5
- Network-based modelling reveals cell-type enriched patterns of non-coding RNA regulation during human skeletal muscle remodelling.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 2024 · CEBM Level 4
- A pilot randomized controlled trial of a virtual peer-support exercise intervention for female older adults with cancer.BMC geriatrics 2024 · CEBM Level 2
- The Effect of Multi-Ingredient Protein versus Collagen Supplementation on Satellite Cell Properties in Males and Females.Medicine and science in sports and exercise 2024 · CEBM Level 2
- Fair and Safe Eligibility Criteria for Women's Sport: The Proposed Testing Regime Is Not Justified, Ethical, or Viable.Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 2024 · CEBM Level 5
- A live online exercise program for older adults improves depression and life-space mobility: A mixed-methods pilot randomized controlled trial.PloS one 2024 · CEBM Level 2
- Identification of a Resistance Exercise-Specific Signaling Pathway that Drives Skeletal Muscle Growth.Research square 2024 · CEBM Level 5
- Development and evaluation of an ovarian hormone profile classification tool for female athletes: step one of a two-step process to determine ovarian hormone profiles.BMJ open sport & exercise medicine 2024 · CEBM Level 4
- Network-based modelling reveals cell-type enriched patterns of non-coding RNA regulation during human skeletal muscle remodelling.NAR molecular medicine 2024 · CEBM Level 4
- Measurement properties of the sit-to-stand test in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis using the COSMIN guidelines.PloS one 2024 · CEBM Level 5
- Limitations of the Food Compass Nutrient Profiling System.The Journal of nutrition 2023 · CEBM Level 5
- An elusive consensus definition of sarcopenia impedes research and clinical treatment: A narrative review.Ageing research reviews 2023 · CEBM Level 5
- Does initial skeletal muscle size or sex affect the magnitude of muscle loss in response to 14 days immobilization?Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme 2023 · CEBM Level 3
- Enhancing Physical and Community MoBility in OLDEr Adults with Health Inequities Using CommuNity Co-Design (EMBOLDEN): Results of an Environmental Scan.Canadian geriatrics journal : CGJ 2023 · CEBM Level 4
- Prevalence of sarcopenia indicators and sub-optimal protein intake among elective total joint replacement patients.Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme 2023 · CEBM Level 4
- Important Concepts in Protein Nutrition, Aging, and Skeletal Muscle: Honoring Dr Douglas Paddon-Jones (1969-2021) by Highlighting His Research Contributions.The Journal of nutrition 2023 · CEBM Level 5
- How Skepticism (not Cynicism) Can Raise Scientific Standards and Reform the Health and Wellness Industry.International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism 2023 · CEBM Level 5
- Current evidence shows no influence of women's menstrual cycle phase on acute strength performance or adaptations to resistance exercise training.Frontiers in sports and active living 2023 · CEBM Level 5
- Physiological Responses and Adaptations to Lower Load Resistance Training: Implications for Health and Performance.Sports medicine - open 2023 · CEBM Level 5
- Whey Protein Supplementation with or without Vitamin D on Sarcopenia-Related Measures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) 2023 · CEBM Level 1
- Fortetropin supplementation prevents the rise in circulating myostatin but not disuse-induced muscle atrophy in young men with limb immobilization: A randomized controlled trial.PloS one 2023 · CEBM Level 2
- Sarcopenia Definition and Outcomes Consortium 2020 Definition: Association and Discriminatory Accuracy of Sarcopenia With Disability in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences 2023 · CEBM Level 4
- Transcriptomics for Clinical and Experimental Biology Research: Hang on a Seq.Advanced genetics (Hoboken, N.J.) 2023 · CEBM Level 5
- Determination of a steady-state isotope dilution protocol for carbon oxidation studies in the domestic cat.Journal of nutritional science 2023 · CEBM Level 5
- Low energy availability reduces myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic muscle protein synthesis in trained females.The Journal of physiology 2023 · CEBM Level 2
- Mechanisms of mechanical overload-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy: current understanding and future directions.Physiological reviews 2023 · CEBM Level 5
- Resistance training prescription for muscle strength and hypertrophy in healthy adults: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis.British journal of sports medicine 2023 · CEBM Level 1
- Differences in Skeletal Muscle Fiber Characteristics Between Affected and Nonaffected Limbs in Individuals With Stroke: A Scoping Review.Physical therapy 2023 · CEBM Level 5
- The impact and utility of very low-calorie diets: the role of exercise and protein in preserving skeletal muscle mass.Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care 2023 · CEBM Level 5
- Apples to apples? Discordant definitions still hinder evidence-based treatments for sarcopenia.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle 2023 · CEBM Level 5
- Menstrual cycle hormones and oral contraceptives: a multimethod systems physiology-based review of their impact on key aspects of female physiology.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) 2023 · CEBM Level 1
- Resistance training in humans and mechanical overload in rodents do not elevate muscle protein lactylation.Frontiers in physiology 2023 · CEBM Level 3
- Optimal resistance exercise training parameters for stroke recovery: A protocol for a systematic review.PloS one 2023 · CEBM Level 5
- Group-based nutrition interventions to promote healthy eating and mobility in community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review.Public health nutrition 2022 · CEBM Level 1
- Sex-Based Differences in the Myogenic Response and Inflammatory Gene Expression Following Eccentric Contractions in Humans.Frontiers in physiology 2022 · CEBM Level 3
- Cardiovascular responses to high-intensity stair climbing in individuals with coronary artery disease.Physiological reports 2022 · CEBM Level 2
- Declines in muscle protein synthesis account for short-term muscle disuse atrophy in humans in the absence of increased muscle protein breakdown.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle 2022 · CEBM Level 3
- Exploring comparative assessment of adiposity measures during pregnancy and postpartum.Clinical nutrition ESPEN 2022 · CEBM Level 3
- Community-based group physical activity and/or nutrition interventions to promote mobility in older adults: an umbrella review.BMC geriatrics 2022 · CEBM Level 1
- An umbrella review of systematic reviews of β-hydroxy-β-methyl butyrate supplementation in ageing and clinical practice.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle 2022 · CEBM Level 1
- Short-term aerobic conditioning prior to resistance training augments muscle hypertrophy and satellite cell content in healthy young men and women.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 2022 · CEBM Level 3
- Increased protein intake derived from leucine-enriched protein enhances the integrated myofibrillar protein synthetic response to short-term resistance training in untrained men and women: a 4-day randomized controlled trial.Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme 2022 · CEBM Level 2
- Aerobic conditioning alters the satellite cell and ribosome response to acute eccentric contractions in young men and women.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology 2022 · CEBM Level 3
- Group-based nutrition interventions for community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review to inform community co-design.Annals of family medicine 2022 · CEBM Level 1
- Community-based physical activity and/or nutrition interventions to promote mobility in older adults: An umbrella review.Annals of family medicine 2022 · CEBM Level 1
- Corrigendum: Current concepts and unresolved questions in dietary protein requirements and supplements in adults.Frontiers in nutrition 2022 · CEBM Level 5