Dr. Dale Bredesen on Preventing and Reversing Alzheimer's Disease

Non-amnestic cortical presentations of Alzheimer's disease are more common in younger patients and in ApoE4-negative individuals.

"So these are what have often been called cortical presentations, which have been noted for years by people like Professor Mario Mendez to be typical in younger presentations of Alzheimer's and often in ApoE4-negative individuals." (said at 0:09:00)

No published record matching the claim that non-amnestic cortical presentations of Alzheimer's disease are more common in younger patients and in ApoE4-negative individuals was located; this does not prove the claim false.

Approximately 7 million Americans are homozygous for the ApoE4 allele.

"Then about 7 million Americans have two copies, so they're homozygous for ApoE4." (said at 0:15:12)

No published record matching the claim that approximately 7 million Americans are homozygous for the ApoE4 allele was located; this does not prove the claim false.

A businessman diagnosed with PET-scan-confirmed early Alzheimer's/MCI had mercury levels seven times the 95th percentile from heavy tuna sushi consumption and dental amalgams, and improved after reducing mercury exposure.

"one of the people who called me a couple years ago was a very successful businessman who had early Alzheimer's, had already had PET-scan proven... It turned out that he was eating large amounts of tuna sushi, and he happened to be genetically a poor excreter of mercury, also happened to have some dental amalgams... And his mercury was actually seven times the 95th percentile for our country—just one massive, massive mercury exposure. And he's done well with removing that." (said at 0:28:56)

No published record matching the claim of a patient with PET-scan-proven early Alzheimer's or mild cognitive impairment who had mercury levels seven times the 95th percentile from tuna sushi consumption and dental amalgams and subsequently improved after mercury reduction was located; this does not prove the claim false.

Patients with MoCA scores of zero have shown cognitive improvement on Dr. Bredesen's protocol.

"Now, as you go later and later, it's more and more difficult, but we have seen people even with MoCA scores of zero show improvement." (said at 0:37:49)

No published record matching the claim that patients with baseline Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores of zero showed cognitive improvement on the Bredesen protocol was located; this does not prove the claim false. Published clinical studies evaluating the multimodal protocol have assessed individuals with subjective cognitive impairment, mild cognitive impairment, or early-stage dementia, with pilot trial inclusion criteria requiring baseline MoCA scores of 19 or higher.

The search did find related studies, but none that directly tests this claim:

• context: Precision Medicine Approach to Alzheimer's Disease: Successful Pilot Project. (Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD 2022) · cited 70x in the literature

  "Twenty-five patients with dementia or mild cognitive impairment, with Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores of 19 or higher, were evaluated for markers of inflammation, chronic infection, dysbiosis, insulin resistance, protein glycation, vascular disease, nocturnal hypoxemia, hormone insufficiency or dysregulation, nutrient deficiency, toxin or toxicant exposure, and other biochemical parameters associated with cognitive decline." (abstract, methods, passage verified)

  pubmedfull study (doi)

In Alzheimer's subtype classification, purely toxic (type 3) represents 15 to 20 percent of cases, but 60 to 70 percent of patients show some degree of type 3 toxin or pathogen exposure.

"So although type 3, this toxin type, represented only about 15 or 20% of all of them that's pure, over 50%, typically in the 60 to 70% range, had at least some suggestion of the type 3. So in fact, most people have some sort of toxin exposure, pathogen exposure, that sort of thing." (said at 1:01:54)

Dr. Dale Bredesen proposed a metabolic and clinical classification scheme for Alzheimer's disease that includes Type 1 (inflammatory), Type 2 (atrophic), and Type 3 (cortical/toxic/inhalational, linked to biotoxins/mycotoxins). While published case series describe this proposed 'Type 3' toxic subtype, no peer-reviewed epidemiological studies or validated cohort datasets support the specific prevalence claims that purely toxic Alzheimer's represents 15-20% of cases or that 60-70% of Alzheimer's patients exhibit type 3 toxin/pathogen exposures. This classification system remains an unvalidated, non-standard framework in mainstream neurology based only on small case series.

The search did find related studies, but none that directly tests this claim:

• context: Inhalational Alzheimer's disease: an unrecognized - and treatable - epidemic. (Aging 2016) · cited 46x in the literature

  "Identifying subtypes of Alzheimer's disease may aid in the development of therapeutics, and recently three different subtypes have been described: type 1 (inflammatory), type 2 (non-inflammatory or atrophic), and type 3 (cortical). Here I report that type 3 Alzheimer's disease is the result of exposure to specific toxins, and is most commonly inhalational (IAD), a phenotypic manifestation of chronic inflammatory response syndrome (CIRS), due to biotoxins such as mycotoxins." (abstract, passage verified)

  pubmedfull study (doi)