4 Needs context
President Richard Nixon passed the Controlled Substances Act, which placed all psychedelic drugs into Schedule I.
"Nixon passed the Controlled Substances Act, which is the reason why all psychedelic drugs to this day are schedule one." (said at 0:15:12)
Under the Nixon administration, the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 established the Controlled Substances Act (CSA), which categorized classic serotonergic psychedelics (including LSD, psilocybin, DMT, and mescaline) into Schedule I—the most restrictive tier, defined as having a high potential for abuse and no accepted medical use in treatment. These classic psychedelics largely remain in Schedule I today. However, the claim that 'all psychedelic drugs' are in Schedule I requires qualification: certain non-classic psychedelic or dissociative compounds utilized in psychedelic-assisted therapy, such as ketamine, are classified under Schedule III, and other naturally occurring substances with psychedelic properties (such as Salvia divinorum) are not scheduled under federal law.
There have been periods in Earth's history when atmospheric carbon dioxide levels were significantly higher than today while global temperatures were significantly colder.
"Because what most people don't realize is there's been times in history where there was way more carbon and the earth was way colder." (said at 0:38:35)
The host's statement that there were periods in Earth's history when atmospheric carbon dioxide levels were significantly higher than today while global temperatures were significantly colder is partially accurate but requires important qualification to be understood correctly. Reconstructions of Earth's paleoclimate show that during certain intervals, such as the Late Ordovician (~440 million years ago), atmospheric CO2 levels were estimated to be up to 10 times higher than modern pre-industrial levels despite the presence of extensive glaciation (Crowley et al., 1991). However, paleoclimatologists emphasize that solar luminosity was about 4% to 5% lower during the Late Ordovician, requiring higher atmospheric CO2 to maintain temperatures, and that the initiation of glaciation occurred when organic carbon burial drew atmospheric CO2 down below a critical glacial inception threshold (Gibbs et al., 1997). Furthermore, high-resolution continuous reconstructions across the entire 485-million-year Phanerozoic Eon confirm a strong overall correlation between atmospheric CO2 concentrations and global mean surface temperature, establishing CO2 as the primary driver of Earth's climate over geological timescales (Judd et al., 2024).
Approximately 90% of people who stop taking GLP-1 drugs regain the weight they lost.
"because I think about 90% of people that go on GLPs and then come off them gain the weight back." (said at 1:53:18)
Clinical trials confirm that the vast majority of patients experience substantial weight regain after stopping glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, but the specific "90%" figure requires qualification. In the STEP 1 trial extension, participants regained approximately two-thirds of their lost weight within one year of discontinuing once-weekly semaglutide. Similarly, in the SURMOUNT-4 randomized withdrawal trial of tirzepatide, 83.4% of participants switched to placebo failed to maintain at least 80% of their initial weight loss, regaining an average of 14.0% of body weight over 52 weeks (having initially lost 20.9%). While the vast majority of individuals experience weight regain after cessation, patients typically regain about 60% to 70% of their lost weight over a one-year period rather than completely returning to baseline immediately.
- context: Weight regain and cardiometabolic effects after withdrawal of semaglutide: The STEP 1 tria… (Diabetes, obesity & metabolism 2022) · cited 1027x in the literature
"Following treatment withdrawal, semaglutide and placebo participants regained 11.6 (SD: 7.7) and 1.9 (SD: 4.8) percentage points of lost weight, respectively, by week 120, resulting in net losses of 5.6% (SD: 8.9%) and 0.1% (SD: 5.8%), respectively, from week 0 to week 120... One year after withdrawal of once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide 2.4 mg and lifestyle intervention, participants regained two-thirds of their prior weight loss" (abstract, results and conclusions, passage verified)
pubmedfull study (doi) - context: Continued Treatment With Tirzepatide for Maintenance of Weight Reduction in Adults With Ob… (JAMA 2024) · cited 789x in the literature
"Overall, 300 participants (89.5%) receiving tirzepatide at 88 weeks maintained at least 80% of the weight loss during the lead-in period compared with 16.6% receiving placebo (P < .001). The overall mean weight reduction from week 0 to 88 was 25.3% for tirzepatide and 9.9% for placebo." (abstract, results, passage verified)
pubmedfull study (doi) - context: Discontinuing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and body habitus: A systematic rev… (Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity 2025) · cited 97x in the literature
"In this systematic review and meta-analysis, discontinuing GLP-1RA treatment led to a pooled overall mean weight regain of 2.20 kg in participants taking liraglutide and 9.69 kg in those patients prescribed semaglutide/tirzepatide. The proportion of weight regained was proportional to the amount originally lost." (abstract, practitioner points, passage verified)
pubmedfull study (doi)
As endurance race distances increase, the performance gap between male and female competitors narrows.
"the crazy thing about endurance is that as you get longer and longer, the difference between the sexes starts to even out." (said at 1:57:43)
The claim that the sex difference in performance narrows or evens out as endurance distance increases is partially true, but depends heavily on the specific sport and discipline.
In standard endurance events (like marathon running), the male-to-female performance gap is approximately 10–12%. In certain extreme or ultra-endurance disciplines—such as open-water ultra-swimming and longer ultra-cycling events (e.g., 400 to 500 miles)—the gap between male and female performance markedly decreases or disappears. For instance, studies show no significant sex difference in cycling performance over 400 and 500 miles, and women occasionally outperform men in ultra-distance swimming events. Physiological factors such as greater fatigue resistance, substrate utilization efficiency, and lower energetic demands in females contribute to this narrowing gap.
However, in ultra-triathlons and ultra-marathons (e.g., running distances from 50 km to 1,000 km), studies have consistently found that the sex difference in running speed does not progressively narrow as distance increases beyond a certain point, remaining stable across extreme distances. Thus, while the performance gap is often smaller in ultra-endurance compared to short-to-moderate distance sports, it does not continuously shrink across all endurance modalities.
- context: Sex differences in ultra-triathlon performance at increasing race distance. (Perceptual and motor skills 2013) · cited 11x in the literature
"Sex differences increased as endurance race distances increased and showed no changes over time. It appears that women are unlikely to close the gap in ultra-endurance performance with men in ultra-triathlons in the near future." (abstract, results, passage verified)
pubmedfull study (doi) - context: Will women outrun men in ultra-marathon road races from 50 km to 1,000 km? (SpringerPlus 2014) · cited 27x in the literature
"the sex differences in running speeds decreased non-linearly in 50 km and 100 km but remained unchanged in 200 km and 1,000 km, and the sex differences in running speeds showed no change with increasing length of the race distance." (abstract, results, passage verified)
pubmedfull study (doi) - supports: Can the Performance Gap between Women and Men be Reduced in Ultra-Cycling? (International journal of environmental research and public health 2020) · cited 25x in the literature
"Men were faster than women in 100 and 200 mile races, but no sex differences were identified for the 400 and 500 mile races. The performance ratio (average cycling speed men /average cycling speed women ) was smaller in the 200 mile races compared to the 100 mile races and remained stable in the 400 and 500 mile races." (abstract, results, passage verified)
pubmedfull study (doi) - supports: Do Sex Differences in Physiology Confer a Female Advantage in Ultra-Endurance Sport? (Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) 2021) · cited 111x in the literature
"while the male-to-female performance gap in traditional endurance sport (e.g., marathon) remains at ~ 10%, the disparity in ultra-endurance competition has been reported as low as 4% despite the markedly lower number of female participants. Moreover, females generally outperform males in extreme-distance swimming." (abstract, background, passage verified)
pubmedfull study (doi)
Unverified means no publication matching the claim was located; it does not prove the claim false. Spotted an error? See the corrections policy - disputes from the people quoted are prioritized.