Blue light around 480 nanometers stimulates intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells, which signal the suprachiasmatic nucleus and the pineal gland to release melatonin roughly 12 to 14 hours later.
"especially when the light is within that very um blue light range of around 480 nanometers, which is kind of just a little sliver of the electromagnetic wave spectrum. And, you know, we can receive that light from the superior field, kind of up here into the inferior part uh of our retina. There's these specialized neurons there called I think intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells, and they send a signal kind of down to the suprachiasmatic nucleus, which is sort of this timekeeper of the body, sends another signal to the pineal gland, which produces melatonin right around 12 or 14 hours later" (said at 1:08:56)
The core physiological pathways described are accurate, but the mechanics of melatonin release require clarification. Blue light around 480 nm activates intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), which express melanopsin (peak sensitivity ~481–483 nm) and project to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). The SCN controls the pineal gland, which synthesizes melatonin. However, light exposure does not send a signal that directly triggers melatonin release 12 to 14 hours later. Rather, acute light suppresses melatonin synthesis, while morning light entrains the SCN master circadian clock, setting the phase so that melatonin is produced and released at night in darkness, typically about 12 to 14 hours after morning wakefulness and light exposure.
- supports: The spectral sensitivity of human circadian phase resetting and melatonin suppression to l… (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2022)
"Melatonin suppression and phase resetting action spectra were best fit by a single-opsin template with lambda max at 481 and 483 nm, respectively." (abstract, results, passage verified)
pubmedfull study (doi) - supports: The impact of wavelength on acute non-visual responses to light: A systematic review and m… (Brain research 2023)
"Light is detected in the eye by three classes of photoreceptors (rods, cones, and intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs)) that are each optimized for a specific function and express a particular light-detecting photopigment." (abstract, background, passage verified)
pubmedfull study (doi)