Joe Rogan

Joe Rogan is the host of the podcast The Joe Rogan Experience. The provided context does not list any academic background, field of study, or published research.

What they said on air - context

0:15:12needs contextmoderateJoe Rogan Experience #2544 - Chris Williamson

President Richard Nixon passed the Controlled Substances Act, which placed all psychedelic drugs into Schedule I.

"Nixon passed the Controlled Substances Act, which is the reason why all psychedelic drugs to this day are schedule one." (said at 0:15:12)

Under the Nixon administration, the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 established the Controlled Substances Act (CSA), which categorized classic serotonergic psychedelics (including LSD, psilocybin, DMT, and mescaline) into Schedule I—the most restrictive tier, defined as having a high potential for abuse and no accepted medical use in treatment. These classic psychedelics largely remain in Schedule I today. However, the claim that 'all psychedelic drugs' are in Schedule I requires qualification: certain non-classic psychedelic or dissociative compounds utilized in psychedelic-assisted therapy, such as ketamine, are classified under Schedule III, and other naturally occurring substances with psychedelic properties (such as Salvia divinorum) are not scheduled under federal law.

supports: Psychedelics: Where we are now, why we got here, what we must do (Neuropharmacology 2018) · cited 185x in the literature
"This was followed by its abuse and stigmatization in the 1960s that ultimately led to the placement of LSD and other psychedelic drugs into the most restrictively regulated drug schedule of the United States Controlled Substances Act (Schedule I) in 1970 and its international counterparts." (abstract, passage verified)
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context: Classic and non‐classic psychedelics for substance use disorder: A review of their histori… (Addiction Neuroscience 2022) · cited 55x in the literature
"In this non-systematic review we discuss past and current clinical and observational studies with classic (LSD, DMT, psilocybin and mescaline) and non-classic (ibogaine, ketamine, MDMA, salvinorin A and THC) psychedelics for the treatment of SUD published until December 2021." (abstract, passage verified)
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0:38:35needs contexthighJoe Rogan Experience #2544 - Chris Williamson

There have been periods in Earth's history when atmospheric carbon dioxide levels were significantly higher than today while global temperatures were significantly colder.

"Because what most people don't realize is there's been times in history where there was way more carbon and the earth was way colder." (said at 0:38:35)

The host's statement that there were periods in Earth's history when atmospheric carbon dioxide levels were significantly higher than today while global temperatures were significantly colder is partially accurate but requires important qualification to be understood correctly. Reconstructions of Earth's paleoclimate show that during certain intervals, such as the Late Ordovician (~440 million years ago), atmospheric CO2 levels were estimated to be up to 10 times higher than modern pre-industrial levels despite the presence of extensive glaciation (Crowley et al., 1991). However, paleoclimatologists emphasize that solar luminosity was about 4% to 5% lower during the Late Ordovician, requiring higher atmospheric CO2 to maintain temperatures, and that the initiation of glaciation occurred when organic carbon burial drew atmospheric CO2 down below a critical glacial inception threshold (Gibbs et al., 1997). Furthermore, high-resolution continuous reconstructions across the entire 485-million-year Phanerozoic Eon confirm a strong overall correlation between atmospheric CO2 concentrations and global mean surface temperature, establishing CO2 as the primary driver of Earth's climate over geological timescales (Judd et al., 2024).

context: Toward reconciliation of Late Ordovician (∼440 Ma) glaciation with very high CO2 levels (Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres 1991) · cited 65x in the literature
"Although Phanerozoic glaciations usually coincided with times of estimated low atmospheric CO2, the Late Ordovician (440 Ma) glaciation is a significant exception. CO2 levels during that time may have been as much as 10 times greater than present." (abstract, passage verified)
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context: An atmospheric pCO2 threshold for glaciation in the Late Ordovician (Geology 1997) · cited 76x in the literature
"A plausible increase in organic carbon burial could have drawn down enough atmospheric CO2 to have briefly lowered the climate system below a critical glacial inception threshold at the end of the Ordovician." (abstract, passage verified)
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context: A 485-million-year history of Earth’s surface temperature (Science 2024) · cited 236x in the literature
"There is a strong correlation between atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) concentrations and GMST, identifying CO 2 as the dominant control on variations in Phanerozoic global climate" (abstract, passage verified)
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Joe Rogan

What they said on air - context

President Richard Nixon passed the Controlled Substances Act, which placed all psychedelic drugs into Schedule I.

There have been periods in Earth's history when atmospheric carbon dioxide levels were significantly higher than today while global temperatures were significantly colder.

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