HoldsUp

FoundMyFitness · 2016-05-03 · Rhonda Patrick (host), Ray Cronise

Ray Cronise on Cold Thermogenesis, Intermittent Fasting, Weight Loss & Healthspan

47 claims checked against research: 8 contradicted 1 contradicted online 3 overstated 3 needing context 25 supported 7 unverified

8

Contradicted by research

0:06:05Ray Cronisecontradictedmoderate

Alanine levels increase significantly during prolonged fasting because it is primarily utilized for gluconeogenesis.

"Of course, things like alanine, which is mainly used for gluconeogenesis, went through the roof; lipids go through the roof." (said at 0:06:05)

The claim is contradicted by physiological evidence regarding amino acid metabolism during fasting. While alanine is indeed the principal gluconeogenic amino acid extracted by the liver, circulating plasma alanine levels do not increase ("go through the roof") during prolonged fasting; instead, they drop precipitously. Classic metabolic studies in humans show that preferential hepatic uptake of alanine for gluconeogenesis rapidly depletes circulating levels, leading to sustained hypoalaninemia. In contrast, branched-chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, valine) and lipid metabolites (free fatty acids and ketone bodies) rise during fasting.

  • contradicts: Amino acid metabolism during prolonged starvation. (The Journal of clinical investigation 1969) · cited 724x in the literature
    "It is concluded that the marked decrease in plasma alanine is due to augmented and preferential splanchnic utilization of this amino acid in early starvation resulting in substrate depletion. Maintenance of the hypoalaninemia ultimately serves to diminish splanchnic uptake of this key glycogenic amino acid and is thus an important component of the regulatory mechanism whereby hepatic gluconeogenesis is diminished and protein catabolism is minimized in prolonged fasting." (abstract, conclusions, passage verified)
    pubmedfull study (doi)
0:44:28Rhonda Patrick (host)contradictedmoderate

In animal models challenged with neurotoxins causing neuronal cell death, intermittent fasting is neuroprotective whereas dietary/caloric restriction is not.

"The one difference that was found in this paper—and I forgot which group it was that did this, and it's pretty recent—was that when they challenged the brain with some sort of neurotoxin that caused neuronal cell death, the intermittent fasting was protective, but the caloric restricted or dietary restricted was not." (said at 0:44:28)

The claim that caloric or dietary restriction is not neuroprotective in animal models challenged with neurotoxins causing neuronal cell death contradicts the published literature. Extensive preclinical and review literature demonstrates that both daily caloric restriction and intermittent fasting confer neuroprotection against excitotoxic neurotoxins and experimental brain injury by enhancing mitochondrial resistance, upregulating neurotrophic factors, and suppressing oxidative stress and apoptotic pathways.

1:03:39Ray Cronisecontradictedhigh

When measured as fat per calorie across all different cuts of meat, the fat content is between 25% and 30%, meaning there is no truly lean meat.

"Now if you report the fat per weight, it's the same, but if you report fat per calorie on all the different cuts of meat, we're all between 25–30%. There's no lean meat, they're all about the same, I mean they're very, very close." (said at 1:03:39)

The claim that fat accounts for 25% to 30% of total calories across all cuts of meat—and that there is no truly lean meat—is contradicted by standard nutritional analyses and nutrient data. Fat content and calorie percentage vary significantly across different cuts and species of meat. For instance, skinless chicken breast or turkey breast typically contains around 10% to 20% of total calories from fat (approx. 1–3 grams of fat per 100–165 calories), whereas untrimmed cuts or fatty processed meats can derive 50% or more of their total calories from fat. Furthermore, published analyses of lean meat cuts confirm that specific cuts qualify as lean under USDA standards (containing less than 10 g total fat, 4.5 g saturated fat, and 95 mg cholesterol per 100 g portion). Cuts such as beef tenderloin steak, top sirloin steak, and fresh-lean pork cuts derive a much lower proportion of calories from fat than untrimmed or high-fat cuts, demonstrating a wide variation rather than a uniform 25%–30% ratio.

1:20:52Ray Cronisecontradictedhigh

In clinically depressed patients, taking five-minute cold showers at 60 degrees Fahrenheit produced results as good as medications for depression.

"But like um on um clinic- clinically depressed patients, they were doing five-minute cold showers with 60 degrees F and and they were having as good as as good of results with medications with their depression." (said at 1:20:52)

The speaker claims that in clinically depressed patients, taking 5-minute cold showers at 60 degrees Fahrenheit produced results as good as antidepressant medications. This is contradicted by the published scientific literature. The original hypothesis proposing adapted cold showers (20°C / ~68°F for 2–3 minutes) as a potential treatment for depression (Shevchuk, 2008) was a theoretical paper published in *Medical Hypotheses* with no clinical trial, no control group, and only informal anecdotal testing in a small number of individuals who did not meet diagnostic criteria for depression. No clinical trial has shown that cold showers perform as well as antidepressant medications in clinically depressed patients.

1:22:25Ray Cronisecontradictedhigh

Non-shivering thermogenesis can produce a 300% to 500% increase in metabolic rate.

"and you go into your non-shivering thermogenesis. And yes, you boost up, you can get 300 to 500% increase in metabolic rate, and you can measure this" (said at 1:22:25)

In adult humans, cold-induced non-shivering thermogenesis (primarily mediated by brown adipose tissue activation and futile cycling in muscle) typically increases resting metabolic rate by approximately 10% to 30% above baseline. Increases of 300% to 500% (a 4- to 6-fold increase) can occur during intense muscular exercise or maximal shivering, or in small rodents during rewarming from torpor, but exceed the physiological capacity of human non-shivering thermogenesis by more than an order of magnitude.

1:29:03Ray Cronisecontradictedmoderate

Shivering burns carbohydrate as fuel rather than fat.

"And if you're shivering, you're burning carbohydrate, you're not burning fat, right? Shivering is exercise." (said at 1:29:03)

The claim that shivering burns carbohydrate rather than fat is contradicted by human physiological studies. During cold-induced shivering thermogenesis, both lipids (fats) and carbohydrates are oxidized to produce heat. In low- to moderate-intensity shivering, lipid oxidation increases substantially and accounts for approximately 50% of total heat production, with muscle glycogen, plasma glucose, and protein supplying the remainder. While the proportional reliance on carbohydrate (specifically muscle glycogen) rises at higher shivering intensities, fat oxidation remains a significant contributor to energy expenditure during cold exposure.

1:53:42Rhonda Patrick (host)contradictedmoderate

Most melatonin synthesized in the human body is produced in the gastrointestinal tract from serotonin.

"The other interesting thing is that most of the melatonin made in the body is actually made in the gut, right? Serotonin gets converted into melatonin" (said at 1:53:42)

While serotonin is the biochemical precursor to melatonin, the claim that most of the body's melatonin is produced in the gastrointestinal tract is contradicted by modern evidence. For decades, literature frequently cited a 1992 report proposing that the gastrointestinal tract contained 400 times more melatonin than the pineal gland. However, rigorous modern evaluation demonstrates that early estimates relied on unvalidated immunoassays affected by cross-reactivity with tryptophan metabolites. Contemporary quantitative measurements show that the ratio of duodenal to pineal melatonin content is actually between 0.05:1 and 0.19:1, and surgical pinealectomy effectively eliminates circulating melatonin, establishing that the gut is not a primary source of systemic melatonin synthesis in mammals.

1:33:21Ray Cronisecontradictedmoderate

Bernarr Macfadden was the first to link diet and exercise primarily through the calorie between 1900 and 1911.

"because this all got started around 1911. Well, between 1900, 1911, McFadden was the first one. I'll show you the books in the room where all this got together, and the link of diet and exercise happened primarily through the calorie." (said at 1:33:21)

Historical scholarship on nutritional science and physical culture contradicts the claim that Bernarr Macfadden was the first to link diet and exercise primarily through the calorie between 1900 and 1911. The scientific quantification of human energy balance and dietary calories was established earlier in the late 19th century by nutritional scientists such as Wilbur Olin Atwater, while the popularization of calorie counting for weight management emerged primarily in the late 1910s and 1920s through figures like Dr. Lulu Hunt Peters (author of the 1918 bestseller 'Diet & Health: With Key to the Calories'). While Macfadden was a prominent physical culture entrepreneur during the early 1900s who emphasized exercise and nutrition, his dietary philosophies focused on fasting, whole foods, and natural vitality rather than pioneering calorie-based energy accounting.

Unverified means no publication matching the claim was located; it does not prove the claim false. Spotted an error? See the corrections policy - disputes from the people quoted are prioritized.