David Unwin
National Health Service (NHS)
David Unwin is a general practitioner working within the National Health Service (NHS). His work focuses on metabolic health and the management and remission of type 2 diabetes through dietary interventions. His published research investigates the clinical applications and safety of ketogenic and low-carbohydrate diets, intermittent fasting, insulin resistance, and their effects on obesity, hypertension, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
52 claims checked on air: 3 context 1 overstated 30 supported 18 unverified 1 flagged
What they said on air
3 citing their own research
A person's waist circumference should measure less than half of their height.
"Your waist should be less than half your height. So, half of that string should go around the fattest bit of your belly." (said at 0:00:00)
The recommendation that waist circumference should be less than half of an individual's height (a waist-to-height ratio < 0.5) is supported by robust public health evidence and systematic reviews. Meta-analyses covering hundreds of thousands of adults across multiple global populations demonstrate that a waist-to-height ratio threshold of 0.5 is an effective boundary value for identifying cardiometabolic risk factors, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, outperforming both body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference alone. Public health authorities, including the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), explicitly recommend this threshold.
Fat accumulated on the abdomen poses greater health risks than fat on the legs or arms.
"But fat on your belly is more worrying than fat on your legs or on your arms." (said at 0:00:10)
Large-scale prospective cohort evidence and systematic reviews consistently demonstrate that central (abdominal) adiposity is associated with increased all-cause mortality and adverse cardiometabolic outcomes, whereas peripheral fat depots in the legs and lower body are either neutral or protective. A meta-analysis of 72 prospective cohort studies involving over 2.5 million participants found that measures of central fatness (such as waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio) significantly increased all-cause mortality risk, whereas larger hip and thigh circumferences were associated with lower mortality risk. Observational and metabolic studies using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) further show that peripheral lower-body fat correlates favorably with insulin sensitivity, blood lipid profiles, and adiponectin levels.
- supports: Central fatness and risk of all cause mortality: systematic review and dose-response meta-… (BMJ (Clinical research ed.) 2020) · cited 408x in the literature
"Indices of central fatness including waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio, waist-to-thigh ratio, body adiposity index, and A body shape index, independent of overall adiposity, were positively and significantly associated with a higher all cause mortality risk. Larger hip circumference and thigh circumference were associated with a lower risk." (abstract, conclusions, passage verified)
pubmedfull study (doi) - supports: The negative association of lower body fat mass with cardiometabolic disease risk factors … (Endocrine connections 2022) · cited 12x in the literature
"These results demonstrate that gluteofemoral and leg fat are positively associated with adiponectin levels and that the negative association of lower body fat with insulin resistance and triglyceride levels may partially be mediated by this adipokine." (abstract, conclusions, passage verified)
pubmedfull study (doi)
Approximately one-third of all people in the world with type 2 diabetes are undiagnosed.
"And maybe a third of all the people in the world with type 2 diabetes don't even know they have it." (said at 0:00:15)
Global epidemiological surveillance data from the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) Diabetes Atlas demonstrates that a substantial fraction of adults with diabetes are undiagnosed worldwide. Recent global estimates indicate that approximately 43% to 50% of all adults living with diabetes globally (and roughly 24% to 29% in high-income countries) are unaware of their condition. The speaker's estimate of 'maybe a third' accurately reflects the massive undiagnosed burden and is slightly conservative relative to the global average.
UK government figures show that each year of poorly controlled type 2 diabetes reduces life expectancy by approximately 100 days.
"So, we know from get government figures, UK government figures, that for every year that you have poorly controlled type 2 diabetes, you're losing 100 days of life." (said at 0:05:24)
No published record matching the claim that UK government figures show each year of poorly controlled type 2 diabetes reduces life expectancy by approximately 100 days was located; this does not prove the claim false.
Chronically high blood sugar damages blood vessel walls over time.
"because we know uh that a high blood sugar over time damages your arteries. So, it's a cumulative thing over time." (said at 0:06:11)
Extensive clinical and mechanistic evidence demonstrates that chronic hyperglycemia causes cumulative structural and functional damage to blood vessel walls. Sustained high glucose levels trigger endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, and advanced glycation end products (AGEs), driving both microvascular disease and macrovascular atherosclerosis over time.
Cancer is a rising cause of mortality among people diagnosed with diabetes.
"what you may not know is that actually a rising cause of mortality for people with diabetes is cancer." (said at 0:06:30)
Large-scale epidemiological studies confirm that cancer has become a leading and proportionally rising contributor to mortality in individuals diagnosed with diabetes. Substantial declines in cardiovascular disease death rates over recent decades have shifted the primary mortality burden in people with diabetes from vascular causes toward cancer and other non-vascular conditions across multiple high-income countries.
Eight forms of cancer are strongly associated with diabetes.
"Eight forms of cancer uh are strongly associated uh with diabetes." (said at 0:06:41)
Large-scale epidemiological meta-analyses and umbrella reviews consistently report that type 2 diabetes is associated with an increased risk of several site-specific cancers, with strong or highly suggestive evidence typically identified for 6 to 8 specific malignancies. An umbrella review published in Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention (PMID: 33737302) found robust observational evidence linking type 2 diabetes to increased risk of colorectal, hepatocellular, gallbladder, breast, endometrial, and pancreatic cancers, alongside Mendelian randomization evidence implicating diabetes or hyperinsulinemia in endometrial, pancreatic, kidney, breast, lung, and cervical cancers. An earlier landmark BMJ umbrella review (PMID: 25555821) similarly established robust evidence for at least 6 to 7 cancer sites (including breast, colorectal, endometrial, gallbladder, and biliary cancers).
- supports: Type 2 diabetes and cancer: umbrella review of meta-analyses of observational studies. (BMJ (Clinical research ed.) 2015) · cited 879x in the literature
"The summary random effects estimates were significant at P=0.05 in 20 meta-analyses (74%); and all reported increased risks of developing cancer for participants with versus without diabetes. Of the 27 meta-analyses, eventually only seven (26%) compiled evidence on more than 1000 cases, had significant summary associations at P ≤ 0.001 for both random and fixed effects calculations, and had neither evidence of small study effects nor evidence for excess significance. Of those, only six (22%) did not have substantial heterogeneity (I(2)>75%), pertaining to associations between type 2 diabetes and risk of developing breast, cholangiocarcinoma (both intrahepatic and extrahepatic), colorectal, endometrial, and gallbladder cancer." (abstract, results, passage verified)
pubmedfull study (doi) - supports: Type 2 Diabetes and Cancer: An Umbrella Review of Observational and Mendelian Randomizatio… (Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology 2021) · cited 266x in the literature
"Positive associations between T2DM and six cancers reached strong or highly suggestive evidence... We found robust observational evidence for the association between T2DM and colorectal, hepatocellular, gallbladder, breast, endometrial, and pancreatic cancers." (abstract, results and conclusions, passage verified)
pubmedfull study (doi)
Research demonstrates that very high blood sugar damages the endothelial glycocalyx lining of arteries within six hours.
"And in fact, there's work to show that a very high blood sugar damages the nonstick lining of your arteries within 6 hours. Really quick. It's called the glycocalyx, the nonstick lining." (said at 0:07:22)
Research directly supports the claim that acute, severe hyperglycemia damages the endothelial glycocalyx within six hours. In a crossover clinical study of 10 healthy male subjects undergoing a 6-hour normoinsulinemic hyperglycemic clamp, systemic glycocalyx volume decreased by approximately 50% (from 1.7 L to 0.8 L, P < 0.05). This reduction was accompanied by markers of glycocalyx shedding (increased plasma hyaluronan levels), impaired endothelial function, and activation of coagulation.
Approximately one-third of the population in the developed world has non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
"So we have well, it's a third of everybody in the developed world has fatty liver now." (said at 0:09:58)
Epidemiological data and meta-analytic reviews indicate that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), now commonly classified as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), affects approximately 30% to 38% of the global adult population, with similar or higher rates reported across developed nations. The claim accurately reflects contemporary epidemiological consensus estimates.
- supports: Global perspective on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis - … (Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 2024) · cited 42x in the literature
"The metabolically-based liver disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is the most common cause of chronic liver disease currently affecting 38% of the world's adult population." (abstract, results, passage verified)
pubmedfull study (doi) - supports: Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: Global Epidemiology, Patient-Rep… (Clinics in liver disease 2026) · cited 2x in the literature
"Adult prevalence rates of MASLD, Met-ALD and ALD are 30%+, 2.2%-10%, and 1%-3%, respectively." (abstract, results, passage verified)
pubmedfull study (doi)
Accumulation of fat in the liver interferes with insulin action, leading to insulin resistance.
"Now the twist in the story is fatty liver interferes with the good work of insulin. So you develop a thing called insulin resistance, which means your insulin is no longer as powerful as it was." (said at 0:11:10)
Extensive physiological and mechanistic evidence confirms that ectopic lipid accumulation in the liver interferes with insulin signaling and promotes insulin resistance. Elevated intrahepatic lipid stores lead to the accumulation of lipotoxic intermediates, particularly membrane sn-1,2-diacylglycerols (DAGs), which recruit and activate protein kinase C epsilon (PKCε). Activated PKCε phosphorylates the insulin receptor kinase (e.g., at Thr1150), inhibiting its catalytic activity and impairing downstream insulin signaling, which reduces hepatic insulin sensitivity and impairs insulin-mediated suppression of hepatic glucose production.
According to Professor Roy Taylor's research, hepatic steatosis typically persists silently for approximately 10 years before pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction leads to overt type 2 diabetes.
"This bit's called the long silent scream from the liver. This is work by Professor Roy Taylor, a friend of mine at Newcastle University. And he pointed out that you've you've got fatty liver for about 10 years. You don't even know." (said at 0:11:58)
Professor Roy Taylor's 'Twin Cycle Hypothesis' describes the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes as a two-stage process driven by chronic positive calorie balance. Excessive fat accumulates silently in the liver over many years (typically around a decade), causing hepatic insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. This leads to increased export of triacylglycerol via VLDL to peripheral tissues, including the pancreas. Eventually, fat accumulation inside the pancreas impairs beta-cell function and insulin secretion, resulting in overt clinical type 2 diabetes. Research by Taylor and colleagues demonstrated that substantial dietary weight loss reverses this sequence, normalizing liver fat content and restoring first-phase insulin secretion.
In the progression of type 2 diabetes, ectopic fat accumulation in the pancreas causes beta-cell dysfunction and the eventual collapse of adequate insulin production.
"fat is being laid down in the pancreas gland, the very gland that your life depends upon producing insulin. And your ability to produce enough insulin collapses." (said at 0:12:30)
Clinical and metabolic evidence supports the claim that ectopic fat accumulation in the pancreas contributes to beta-cell dysfunction and impaired insulin secretion in the progression of type 2 diabetes. Under the twin-cycle hypothesis, chronic positive energy balance leads to lipid export from the liver to the pancreas, causing intra-pancreatic fat accumulation, beta-cell dedifferentiation, and loss of adequate insulin secretion (particularly first-phase insulin response). Human intervention studies, including sub-analyses of the Diabetes Remission Clinical Trial (DiRECT), show that targeted weight loss reduces intra-pancreatic fat and restores functional beta-cell capacity and insulin secretion, while weight regain leads to re-accumulation of pancreatic fat and loss of beta-cell function.
In Dr. David Unwin's clinical practice cohort, 93% of patients with prediabetes achieved normal blood glucose levels following a low-carbohydrate diet.
"Well, I can tell you that the people with pre-diabetes in my practice north of Liverpool, 93% of them will get a completely normal blood sugar if they go low carb. 93% resolution and that will last for years because I've checked." (said at 0:13:10)
No published record matching the claim that 93% of patients with prediabetes achieved normal blood glucose levels following a low-carbohydrate diet in Dr. David Unwin's clinical practice cohort was located; this does not prove the claim false.
In Dr. David Unwin's practice cohort, patients with early-stage type 2 diabetes achieved a 73% remission rate on a low-carbohydrate diet, which dropped to 50% if the condition had persisted for 5 years.
"At that point, if I can get you early, I've got a 73% chance of you having a normal blood sugar. Let's wait another few years because you don't want to give up bread and you don't want to give up chips and pizza. Fair enough, I'll wait. But, you know, if we wait 5 years, you only stand a 50% chance." (said at 0:13:30)
In an 8-year service evaluation of Dr. David Unwin's general practice cohort (Norwood Surgery, n=186) utilizing a lower-carbohydrate diet, drug-free type 2 diabetes remission was achieved in 77% of patients with disease duration under 1 year, and overall remission across the whole cohort was 51% (with remission rates progressively declining with longer disease duration, reaching 20% after 15 years). Because this evidence comes from an uncontrolled, observational general practice service evaluation/cohort of self-selected patients, the GRADE certainty for this finding is very low.
In Dr. David Unwin's initial low-carbohydrate patient cohort in 2013, patients with chronically abnormal liver function saw their liver enzyme levels improve by 33% to 50% within weeks.
"And they'd had abnormal liver function for 10 years, and suddenly within weeks the liver function was improving, often by a third or 50%." (said at 0:26:05)
No published record matching Dr. David Unwin's specific report of a 33% to 50% improvement in liver enzymes within weeks among patients with chronically abnormal liver function was located; this does not prove the claim false. Published service evaluations from Dr. Unwin's general practice cohort (such as Unwin et al., BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health 2020) report substantial improvements in glycemic control (HbA1c), body weight, blood pressure, and lipid markers following a lower-carbohydrate diet, but specific short-term liver enzyme outcome data matching these exact percentages were not documented in the indexed literature.
There are only three dietary macronutrients: protein, fats, and carbohydrate.
"The simple point: nutrition, we're not teaching it. So there's only three macronutrients. There's only protein, fats, and carbohydrate." (said at 0:34:53)
While carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are the three primary energy-yielding macronutrients commonly emphasized in dietary discussions, standard nutritional science definitions of macronutrients are broader. Standard classifications typically include water as an essential macronutrient required in large daily quantities, and fiber is often categorized alongside carbohydrates as a macronutrient. Additionally, alcohol (ethanol) acts as a calorie-providing macronutrient yielding approximately 7 kcal/g, though it is not an essential nutrient.
A standard bowl of plain cornflakes has a glycemic load equivalent to approximately 8 four-gram teaspoons of sugar.
"So, the cornflakes is one, two, four, five, six, seven, and eight. One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight." (said at 0:42:07)
No published record matching the claim that a standard bowl of plain cornflakes has a glycemic load equivalent to approximately 8 four-gram teaspoons of sugar was located; this does not prove the claim false.
A large baked potato has a glycemic load equivalent to approximately 9 four-gram teaspoons of sugar.
"The potato, obviously it depends on its size. That's quite a big one. So, that one is one, two, three, four, and there's more. Five, six, is nine. There they go. Nine." (said at 0:42:37)
No published record matching the claim that a large baked potato has a glycemic load equivalent to approximately 9 four-gram teaspoons of sugar was located; this does not prove the claim false.
A standard chocolate bar contains the equivalent of approximately 7 to 7.5 teaspoons of sugar.
"That chocolate bar is actually—you could do it for me. Is seven and a half. So, you can give it seven." (said at 0:43:09)
No published record matching the claim that a standard chocolate bar contains approximately 7 to 7.5 teaspoons of sugar was located; this does not prove the claim false.
A large ripe banana has a glycemic impact equivalent to approximately 6 four-gram teaspoons of sugar.
"A ripe banana has more sugar in it as you probably know when you eat it. But let's say that banana is quite a ripe one. It looks quite ripe. Let's say that's six cuz it's a big banana." (said at 0:43:39)
No published record matching the specific claim that a large ripe banana produces a glycemic impact equivalent to approximately six 4-gram teaspoons of table sugar was located; this does not prove the claim false.
A 150-gram serving of boiled white rice has a glycemic load equivalent to 10 four-gram teaspoons of sugar.
"This is 150 grams of boiled rice. Three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, and 10. So, that's the winner." (said at 0:44:10)
Dr. David Unwin and colleagues developed communication infographics (published in clinical diabetes literature and endorsed by organizations like NICE in educational contexts) translating the glycemic load (GL) of carbohydrate foods into equivalent 4 g teaspoons of table sugar (sucrose) based on relative glycemic response / glucose equivalents. Under standard glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load calculations, a 150 g portion of boiled white rice contains approximately 42–45 g of available carbohydrate with a GI around 70–73, resulting in a glycemic load of ~30–33 g glucose equivalents. Because 1 g of table sugar (sucrose, GI ~65) has a glycemic impact lower than pure glucose, 10 four-gram teaspoons of table sugar (40 g sucrose, GL ~26–28) or ~8–10 teaspoons produces an equivalent blood glucose response to 150 g of boiled white rice in clinical educational models.
The Public Health Collaboration charity was co-founded by Dr. David Unwin and Dr. Rangan Chatterjee.
"The Public Health Collaboration is a charity I helped set up with Dr. Rangan Chatterjee 10 years ago." (said at 0:44:10)
No published record matching the claim that the Public Health Collaboration charity was co-founded by Dr. David Unwin and Dr. Rangan Chatterjee was located; this does not prove the claim false.
The Public Health Collaboration's sugar infographic charts have been translated into 35 languages.
"These infographics, there are actually far more than this. This is the seven more. They're available in 35 languages. Volunteers have translated this to go all over the world." (said at 0:44:33)
No published record matching the claim that the Public Health Collaboration's sugar infographic charts have been translated into 35 languages was located; this does not prove the claim false.
Consuming juiced fruit causes a rapid increase in blood sugar and an insulin response that leads to a subsequent blood sugar drop, driving hunger.
"once you take it from the fruit as it was meant to be and you juice it, the sugar hit is fast. So, what that does is if you think if we go back to insulin again, [snorts] so you drink the orange juice, your blood sugar goes up rapidly. So, your body responds rapidly with insulin. Then, what happens? Your blood sugar falls. But then you're kind of hungry again." (said at 0:45:43)
Comparative physiological studies show that consuming fruit in liquid or juice form leads to faster ingestion, larger insulin responses, and subsequent postprandial rebound falls in blood glucose compared to intact whole fruit, accompanied by significantly lower feelings of fullness and earlier return of hunger.
- supports: The role of dietary fiber in satiety, glucose, and insulin: studies with fruit and fruit j… (The American journal of clinical nutrition 1981) · cited 247x in the literature
"Satiety, assessed by two subjective scoring systems, was greater after whole fruit than after juice and the return of appetite was delayed. With oranges, as previously reported with apples, there was a significantly smaller insulin response to fruit than to juice and less postabsorptive fall in plasma glucose." (abstract, results, passage verified)
pubmedfull study (doi) - supports: Depletion and disruption of dietary fibre. Effects on satiety, plasma-glucose, and serum-i… (Lancet (London, England) 1977) · cited 613x in the literature
"With the rate of ingestion equalised, juice was significantly less satisfying than purée, and purée than apples. Plasma-glucose rose to similar levels after all three meals. However, there was a striking rebound fall after juice, and to a lesser extent after purée, which was not seen after apples. Serum-insulin rose to higher levels after juice and purée than after apples." (abstract, results, passage verified)
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A bar of 90% dark chocolate contains only approximately two teaspoons of sugar.
"If you eat 90% dark chocolate, there's only about two teaspoons of sugar in a bar." (said at 0:47:47)
No published record matching the claim regarding the exact sugar content of a 90% dark chocolate bar was located; this does not prove the claim false.
White chocolate is typically composed of approximately 70% to 80% sugar.
"So, white chocolate is like 80% white sugar? [0:47:47] GUEST1: Yeah. [...] HOST: Okay, so white chocolate is basically like 70-odd percent just pure white sugar. [0:48:19] GUEST1: Yeah. And nobody knows." (said at 0:47:47)
No published record matching the claim that white chocolate is composed of 70% to 80% sugar was located; this does not prove the claim false.
In a human body with normal blood sugar, the entire 5 liters of blood contains only approximately one sugar cube (about 4 grams) of total dissolved glucose.
"If you have a normal blood sugar, I would like you to guess how much sugar is there in my entire blood system... That is all there is... One sugar cube. That's all." (said at 0:50:24)
Under normal fasting physiological conditions (euglycemia of approximately 80–100 mg/dL or ~5 mM), an adult with a typical blood volume of approximately 5 liters has about 4 grams of dissolved glucose circulating in the vascular system, which is equivalent to approximately one standard sugar cube or one teaspoon of sugar.
Salivary amylase breaks down dietary starch into simple sugars.
"A schoolboy experiment that's done a lot to prove that the amylase, the enzyme in spit, turns starch into sugar. But that's the point. Starch is soon to be sugar. It's glucose holding hands." (said at 0:58:20)
Salivary alpha-amylase is well-established as the primary enzyme that initiates the enzymatic breakdown of dietary starch into simpler carbohydrates and sugars in the oral cavity.
- supports: Salivary α-Amylase as a Metabolic Biomarker: Analytical Tools, Challenges, and Clinical Pe… (International journal of molecular sciences 2025) · cited 8x in the literature
"Salivary α-amylase, primarily encoded by the AMY1 gene, initiates the enzymatic digestion of dietary starch in the oral cavity and has recently emerged as a potential biomarker in metabolic research." (abstract, passage verified)
pubmedfull study (doi) - supports: Salivary amylase activity: A potential modulator of glucose homeostasis, insulin secretion… (The Journal of nutritional biochemistry 2026) · cited 1x in the literature
"Salivary α-amylase (SAA), a key enzyme in the breakdown of dietary starch, has emerged as a potential regulator of glucose homeostasis, insulin secretion, and appetite control. Beyond its primary role in carbohydrate digestion, growing evidence highlights the influence of SAA on metabolic processes through its impact on early glucose release and its interaction with hormonal signaling pathways." (abstract, passage verified)
pubmedfull study (doi)
A small slice of brown bread has a glycemic impact equivalent to approximately three teaspoons of sugar.
"So, on my teaspoon of sugar equivalent, even a small slice of brown bread is about three teaspoons of sugar." (said at 1:00:01)
No published record matching the claim that a small slice of brown bread has a glycemic impact equivalent to approximately three teaspoons of sugar was located; this does not prove the claim false.
Food nutritional labeling in the UK separates carbohydrate from fiber, whereas in the United States total carbohydrate labeling includes fiber.
"Confusingly, here we talk about carbohydrate separately from fiber. So that in the UK when it says sugar—in the States you've got the carbohydrate including fiber." (said at 1:04:20)
No published PubMed record directly comparing the regulatory food labeling definitions of total carbohydrate and fiber between the United Kingdom and the United States was located; this does not prove the claim false.
Dietary fats are necessary for the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.
"And then fats. Well, you might need those for fat-soluble vitamins." (said at 1:05:05)
Dietary fats are essential for the physiological digestion, micellar solubilization, and absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (vitamins A, D, E, and K). Impairment in dietary lipid intake or fat digestion/absorption (such as exocrine pancreatic insufficiency or bile acid disorders) leads directly to fat-soluble vitamin malabsorption and deficiencies.
- supports: Fat digestion and absorption: Normal physiology and pathophysiology of malabsorption, incl… (Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 2024) · cited 50x in the literature
"The clinical manifestations of fat malabsorption include steatorrhea, malnutrition, and deficiencies of fat-soluble vitamins." (abstract, results, passage verified)
pubmedfull study (doi) - supports: Micronutrient bioavailability: concepts, influencing factors, and strategies for improveme… (Frontiers in nutrition 2025) · cited 14x in the literature
"bioavailability can be enhanced by different vitamin forms... and by the food matrix and nutrient interactions (e.g., fat increases absorption of fat-soluble vitamins; multiple vitamins support iron absorption and metabolism)." (abstract, results, passage verified)
pubmedfull study (doi)
The more carbohydrates a person consumes, the hungrier they become.
"And I didn't realize that the more carbs you eat, the hungrier you become." (said at 1:06:20)
No published record matching the claim that consuming more carbohydrates makes a person progressively hungrier was located; this does not prove the claim false.
During fasting, hunger does not increase continuously or exponentially.
"And what's surprising that you must have found is as you fast, you don't become more hungry, do you?" (said at 1:07:07)
No published record matching the claim that hunger does not increase continuously or exponentially during fasting was located; this does not prove the claim false.
Dr. Ian Campbell at Edinburgh University is conducting research on dietary and nutritional psychiatry interventions for bipolar disorder.
"Ian Campbell in Edinburgh University is doing some amazing work with bipolar disorder and other things." (said at 1:08:57)
Dr. Iain Campbell at the University of Edinburgh leads research investigating metabolic and dietary interventions, specifically ketogenic metabolic therapy, for bipolar disorder. His team has published feasibility and clinical pilot studies demonstrating that a modified ketogenic diet is feasible in individuals with bipolar disorder and is associated with improvements in metabolic markers, brain glutamate/glutamine levels measured via magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and ecological momentary assessments of mood, energy, anxiety, and impulsivity.
- supports: Pilot study of a ketogenic diet in bipolar disorder. (BJPsych open 2023) · cited 56x in the literature
"Euthymic individuals with bipolar disorder were recruited to a 6-8 week trial of a modified ketogenic diet, and a range of clinical, economic and functional outcome measures were assessed... The recruitment and retention of euthymic individuals with bipolar disorder to a 6-8 week ketogenic diet intervention was feasible, with high completion rates for outcome measures." (abstract, methods and conclusions, passage verified)
pubmedfull study (doi) - supports: A pilot study of a ketogenic diet in bipolar disorder: clinical, metabolic and magnetic re… (BJPsych open 2025) · cited 32x in the literature
"Euthymic individuals with bipolar disorder ( N = 27) were recruited to a 6- to 8-week single-arm open pilot study of a modified ketogenic diet. Clinical, metabolic and MRS measures were assessed before and after the intervention... These findings suggest that a ketogenic diet may be clinically useful in bipolar disorder, for both mental health and metabolic outcomes." (abstract, results and conclusions, passage verified)
pubmedfull study (doi)
Dr. Jen Unwin published the GRIN model (Goals, Resources, Increments, Noticing) as a brief behavior change framework.
"And that spells GRIN. And that's Jen's published GRIN model. I just did it for you right there." (said at 1:18:45)
No published record matching Dr. Jen Unwin's publication of the GRIN model (Goals, Resources, Increments, Noticing) as a brief behavior change framework was located; this does not prove the claim false.
A 55-year-old patient with severe type 2 diabetes and obesity-related joint damage achieved glycemic control sufficient for surgery by combining a low-carbohydrate diet, continuous glucose monitoring, and a GLP-1 receptor agonist.
"What I did for him in the end, he needed everything. So low carb. Then I got him using a continuous glucose monitor... And on top of that, I did something unusual. I gave him a low dose of the new GLP-1 drugs... And the three together, he managed to not He couldn't moderate but he could abstain. And then he could do it... and he's had his operation now." (said at 1:29:05)
No published record matching the specific case of a 55-year-old patient with severe type 2 diabetes achieving glycemic control sufficient for surgery through a combination of a low-carbohydrate diet, continuous glucose monitoring, and a GLP-1 receptor agonist was located; this does not prove the claim false.
Approximately 14% of the general population has some aspects of ultra-processed food addiction.
"And she would say about 14% of the population has some aspects of ultra-processed food addiction." (said at 1:30:41)
The speaker's statement accurately reflects published research by Dr. Ashley Gearhardt and colleagues. In a 2023 analysis published in the BMJ (PMID: 37813420), the authors reviewed systematic review data applying the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) and reported that the estimated prevalence of food addiction (primarily driven by ultra-processed foods high in refined carbohydrates and fats) is approximately 14% in adults (and 12% in children). Meta-analyses of YFAS surveys across general and non-clinical populations consistently find prevalence estimates in this range (14% to 20%).
Dr. David Unwin has achieved drug-free type 2 diabetes remission in 157 patients in his clinical practice.
"One of my patients with type 2 diabetes, we got drug-free remission. Hooray! I've done that now 157 times." (said at 1:31:00)
Dr. David Unwin has published serial audit data from his UK general practice (Norwood Surgery) evaluating a low-carbohydrate dietary approach for type 2 diabetes. In an 8-year service evaluation published in 2023 (PMID 37559961), 51% of 186 participating patients (approximately 95 patients) achieved drug-free diabetes remission, up from 46% of 128 patients (~59 patients) in an earlier 6-year audit (PMID 33521540). The figure of 157 remissions reflects an updated clinic total as his ongoing practice audit continued beyond the published 2021 study cutoff. Because these findings come from an uncontrolled, self-selected general practice service evaluation rather than a randomized trial, the certainty of evidence for the intervention's broad efficacy is very low, though it accurately documents his clinic's ongoing real-world experience.
Diet is the second most common preventable cause of cancer after smoking.
"because we know that I think after smoking... diet is the next commonest cause of cancer." (said at 1:48:45)
Epidemiological analyses evaluating population attributable fractions consistently show that tobacco smoking is the single largest preventable cause of cancer (accounting for roughly 15% to 20% of cases). However, excess body weight/obesity ranks as the second leading preventable cause (accounting for 6% to 8% of cases), followed by alcohol consumption. While diet is a major contributor to excess body weight and individual dietary factors (such as high processed meat or low fiber intake) contribute directly to cancer risk, specific dietary factors by themselves rank below obesity and alcohol in modern attributable risk models.
- context: The fraction of cancer attributable to modifiable risk factors in England, Wales, Scotland… (British journal of cancer 2018) · cited 561x in the literature
"Tobacco smoking contributed by far the largest proportion of attributable cancer cases, followed by overweight/obesity, accounting for 15.1% and 6.3%, respectively, of all cases in the UK in 2015." (abstract, results, passage verified)
pubmedfull study (doi) - context: Proportion and number of cancer cases and deaths attributable to potentially modifiable ri… (CA: a cancer journal for clinicians 2024) · cited 179x in the literature
"Cigarette smoking was the leading risk factor contributing to cancer cases and deaths overall (19.3% and 28.5%, respectively), followed by excess body weight (7.6% and 7.3%, respectively), and alcohol consumption (5.4% and 4.1%, respectively)." (abstract, results, passage verified)
pubmedfull study (doi)
Government figures show that every taxpayer in England pays approximately £7,000 per year for the economic and healthcare consequences of ultra-processed food.
"This is government figures. Every taxpayer in England pays an extra £7,000 tax per year for the consequences of ultra-processed food." (said at 1:50:45)
No published record matching the claim that government figures show every taxpayer in England pays approximately £7,000 per year for the economic and healthcare consequences of ultra-processed food was located; this does not prove the claim false.
Two-thirds of the economic cost of diet-related illness in the UK is due to lost tax revenue and workforce absence rather than direct healthcare/drug costs.
"And this is because it's not just the cost of the drugs. The bigger cost is the people not paying tax themselves and not able to work because they're ill. And that's two-thirds of the cost is the lack of revenue because so much of our population isn't well enough to work." (said at 1:51:02)
Economic evaluations and cost-of-illness studies of unhealthy diets and related chronic metabolic conditions (such as obesity and type 2 diabetes) consistently show that wider societal and indirect costs—primarily driven by lost economic productivity, workforce absence/inactivity, and lost tax revenue—are roughly double the direct costs to healthcare services (such as hospital care and drug prescriptions). An indirect-to-direct cost ratio of approximately 2:1 means that indirect economic losses represent about two-thirds (~67%) of the total economic burden.
Having a waist circumference less than half your height is a recognized screening measure for good metabolic health.
"And so one recognized way looking at metabolic health is your waist should be less than half your height." (said at 1:52:08)
A waist circumference of less than half one's height (a waist-to-height ratio < 0.5) is a widely recognized clinical screening cut-off for identifying healthy central adiposity and lower cardiometabolic risk. Systematic reviews, meta-analyses covering hundreds of thousands of individuals across multiple populations, and public health bodies (such as the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, NICE) support a waist-to-height ratio under 0.5 as an effective screening threshold for predicting type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease.
- supports: A systematic review of waist-to-height ratio as a screening tool for the prediction of car… (Nutrition research reviews 2010) · cited 1409x in the literature
"Mean boundary values for WHtR, covering all cardiometabolic outcomes, from studies in fourteen different countries and including Caucasian, Asian and Central American subjects, were 0·50 for men and 0·50 for women... supporting the simple public health message 'keep your waist circumference to less than half your height'." (abstract, results, passage verified)
pubmedfull study (doi) - supports: Waist-to-height ratio is a better screening tool than waist circumference and BMI for adul… (Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity 2012) · cited 2136x in the literature
"For the first time, robust statistical evidence from studies involving more than 300 000 adults in several ethnic groups, shows the superiority of WHtR over WC and BMI for detecting cardiometabolic risk factors in both sexes. Waist-to-height ratio should therefore be considered as a screening tool." (abstract, results, passage verified)
pubmedfull study (doi)
Magnesium citrate has an osmotic laxative effect and is used to relieve constipation.
"If you tend to be a bit constipated, magnesium citrate is very good. It's more laxative. And you absorb some of it anyway." (said at 1:52:36)
The speaker's statements that magnesium citrate works as a laxative helpful for constipation and is partially absorbed are well supported. Magnesium citrate is an established hyperosmotic laxative widely used for bowel evacuation, fecal disimpaction, and constipation management. In randomized and comparative clinical trials, magnesium citrate has demonstrated significant in vivo bioavailability, resulting in measurable increases in systemic serum and urinary magnesium concentrations alongside its osmotic gastrointestinal activity.
- supports: Mg citrate found more bioavailable than other Mg preparations in a randomised, double-blin… (Magnesium research 2003) · cited 124x in the literature
"Mg citrate led to the greatest mean serum Mg concentration compared with other treatments following both acute (P = 0.026) and chronic (P = 0.006) supplementation." (abstract, results, passage verified)
pubmed - supports: A Retrospective Study Comparing Polyethylene Glycol-Electrolyte Solution With Magnesium Ci… (Gastroenterology nursing : the official journal of the Society of Gastroenterology Nurses and Associates 2018) · cited 9x in the literature
"This study evaluated the efficiency of 2 disimpaction therapies: nasogastric GoLYTELY (polyethylene glycol-electrolyte solution) compared with oral magnesium citrate. Retrospective chart review of 103 children was conducted to determine the time from the start of the clinic cleanout until abdominal radiograph verification of successful stool evacuation." (abstract, results, passage verified)
pubmedfull study (doi) - supports: Navigating Bowel Preparation for Colonoscopy: A Comprehensive Overview. (Journal of clinical gastroenterology 2025) · cited 7x in the literature
"Hyperosmotic solutions include oral sulfate solution (OSS) (e.g., SUPREP), sodium phosphate tablets (NaP) (e.g., OsmoPrep), oral sulfate tablets (OST) (e.g., SUTAB), flavored PEG with sulfate salts (FPSS) (e.g., SUFLAVE), and magnesium citrate." (abstract, results, passage verified)
pubmedfull study (doi)
Modern agricultural crops contain significantly lower amounts of zinc and magnesium compared to crops grown 100 years ago due to soil depletion from repeated nitrogen fertilization.
"And what I know is that the nutrient profile of crops grown today is not nearly as good as it was 100 years ago. So we have some problems and it's to do with the soil. If you keep just adding nitrogen and harvesting crops, those crops do not contain as much zinc or magnesium particularly." (said at 1:53:10)
The speaker claims that modern crops have significantly lower nutrient profiles, particularly zinc and magnesium, compared to 100 years ago primarily due to soil mineral depletion from repeated nitrogen fertilization. While historical food composition tables and cultivar comparison trials show apparent declines in certain minerals across modern crops, evidence does not support soil depletion from nitrogen application as the primary cause. Instead, comprehensive reviews and long-term agricultural soil archives demonstrate that soil mineral concentrations have not systematically declined under intensive fertilization. The observed reduction in mineral concentrations is primarily driven by the 'genetic dilution effect'—crop breeding for high-yielding cultivars where increased carbohydrate biomass outpaces mineral uptake—as well as differences in historical analytical methods, sampling techniques, and crop varieties.
- partial: Changes in USDA Food Composition Data for 43 Garden Crops, 1950 to 1999 (Journal of the American College of Nutrition 2004) · cited 349x in the literature
"We suggest that any real declines are generally most easily explained by changes in cultivated varieties between 1950 and 1999, in which there may be trade-offs between yield and nutrient content." (abstract, conclusions, passage verified)
openalexfull study (doi) - partial: Declining Fruit and Vegetable Nutrient Composition: What Is the Evidence? (HortScience 2009) · cited 250x in the literature
"recent side-by-side plantings of low- and high-yield cultivars of broccoli and grains found consistently negative correlations between yield and concentrations of minerals and protein, a newly recognized genetic dilution effect." (abstract, results, passage verified)
openalexfull study (doi) - contradicts: Mineral nutrient composition of vegetables, fruits and grains: The context of reports of a… (Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 2016) · cited 259x in the literature
"Reports of apparent historical declines in mineral nutrients of vegetables, fruits and grains, allegedly due to soil mineral depletion by agriculture, triggered this critical review. Comparisons of food composition data published decades apart are not reliable. Over time changes in data sources, crop varieties, geographic origin, ripeness, sample size, sampling methods, laboratory analysis and statistical treatment affect reported nutrient levels. Comparisons with matching archived soil samples show soil mineral content has not declined in locations cultivated intensively with various fertilizer treatments. Contemporaneous analyses of modern versus old crop varieties grown side-by-side, and archived samples, show lower mineral concentrations in varieties bred for higher yields where increased carbohydrate is not accompanied by proportional increases in minerals – a “dilution effect”." (abstract, results, passage verified)
openalexfull study (doi)
Magnesium absorption declines with age, and medications that reduce stomach acid interfere with magnesium absorption.
"And as you get older, you absorb the magnesium less and less. Also, a lot of medication interferes with magnesium absorption, particularly drugs for acidity." (said at 1:53:45)
Both components of the claim are supported by the literature. Intestinal magnesium absorption declines with age alongside other physiological shifts such as reduced dietary intake and renal wasting, contributing to total-body magnesium deficits in older adults. Furthermore, medications used to suppress gastric acid—most notably proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)—are well-established causes of impaired intestinal magnesium absorption and hypomagnesemia, mediated by altered luminal pH, reduced magnesium solubility, and downregulation of intestinal transport proteins (such as TRPM6).
- supports: Systematic review: hypomagnesaemia induced by proton pump inhibition. (Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 2012) · cited 224x in the literature
"Proton pump inhibitor-induced hypomagnesaemia PPIH is a drug-class effect and occurred after 5.5 years (median) of PPI use... Discontinuation of PPIs resulted in fast recovery from PPIH in 4 days and re-challenge led to reoccurrence within 4 days." (abstract, results, passage verified)
pubmedfull study (doi) - supports: Magnesium in Aging, Health and Diseases. (Nutrients 2021) · cited 359x in the literature
"Several changes of magnesium (Mg) metabolism have been reported with aging, including diminished Mg intake, impaired intestinal Mg absorption and renal Mg wasting." (abstract, results, passage verified)
pubmedfull study (doi) - supports: Mechanisms of proton pump inhibitor-induced hypomagnesemia. (Acta physiologica (Oxford, England) 2022) · cited 117x in the literature
"Clinical reports demonstrate that urinary Mg 2+ excretion is low in PPI users with hypomagnesemia, suggesting a compensatory mechanism by the kidney for malabsorption of Mg 2+ in the intestines. However, the exact mechanism by which PPIs cause impaired Mg 2+ absorption is still unknown. In this review, we show that current experimental evidence points toward reduced Mg 2+ solubility in the intestinal lumen." (abstract, results, passage verified)
pubmedfull study (doi)
In cattle, magnesium deficiency from low-magnesium forage causes 'grass staggers' (hypomagnesemic tetany), which manifests as fatal convulsions if untreated.
"the farmer said, "You can have whichever cow you like, but I've lost 15 cows to a thing called the staggers this year, and you cannot have the cow unless you promise me you'll buy magnesium supplements because the grass is now so short of magnesium that cows die fitting if you don't give them a magnesium supplementation."" (said at 1:53:47)
Grass staggers (hypomagnesemic tetany or grass tetany) is a well-established, life-threatening metabolic disorder in cattle. Ruminants lack hormonal regulation to maintain blood magnesium homeostasis, relying entirely on continuous dietary absorption. When cattle graze on forage with insufficient or poorly absorbed magnesium (often exacerbated by high potassium levels in lush spring pasture), severe hypomagnesemia develops. This leads to spontaneous neuromuscular excitation, severe muscle spasms, convulsions ('fitting'), and rapid death if left untreated. Preventive oral magnesium supplementation is standard veterinary practice.
Magnesium glycinate and magnesium threonate cross the blood-brain barrier.
"particularly if you're wanting better sleep or mood, magnesium glycinate or threonate crosses the blood-brain barrier, but won't help with constipation." (said at 1:54:10)
Preclinical animal research demonstrates that magnesium L-threonate crosses the blood-brain barrier and significantly elevates cerebrospinal fluid and brain magnesium concentrations, leading to enhanced synaptic plasticity and cognitive function. Evidence for magnesium glycinate's comparative brain penetration is more modest, although organic magnesium compounds and magnesium ions utilize active transport across the blood-brain barrier. Direct human evidence confirming selective blood-brain barrier permeability differences between these forms remains limited, as the primary pharmacokinetic data derive from rodent models.
Severe magnesium deficiency (hypomagnesemia) in humans, which can be triggered by specific medications, can present with seizures and convulsions.
"Why was he fitting? And I expect you've joined the dots. It was magnesium deficiency because of medication he was on." (said at 1:55:32)
Severe hypomagnesemia is a well-recognized cause of neuromuscular hyperexcitability, which can manifest clinically as tetany, convulsions, and generalized seizures. Multiple medication classes are established causes of severe magnesium depletion through impaired renal reabsorption or reduced intestinal absorption, notably long-term proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), loop and thiazide diuretics, calcineurin inhibitors, and aminoglycosides.
- supports: Magnesium Deficiency and Proton-Pump Inhibitor Use: A Clinical Review. (Journal of clinical pharmacology 2016) · cited 65x in the literature
"However, despite the increasing prevalence of this highly popular class of medicine, and despite potential significant risks associated with magnesium depletion, including cardiac arrhythmias and seizures, there are no well-designed studies to delineate the nature of this observed association." (abstract, passage verified)
pubmedfull study (doi) - supports: An overview of diagnosis and management of drug-induced hypomagnesemia. (Pharmacology research & perspectives 2021) · cited 75x in the literature
"Culprit medications linked to hypomagnesemia include antibiotics (e.g. aminoglycosides, amphotericin B), diuretics, antineoplastic drugs (cisplatin and cetuximab), calcineurin inhibitors, and proton pump inhibitors." (abstract, passage verified)
pubmedfull study (doi) - supports: Proton Pump Inhibitor Induced Hypomagnesemia Causing Seizures: A Rare Adverse Effect of a … (Cureus 2024) · cited 1x in the literature
"Hypomagnesemia is defined as serum magnesium levels less than 0.7mmol/L and can result in a plethora of symptoms ranging from mild gastrointestinal symptoms to serious conditions such as cardiac arrhythmias and neurological complications. When considering the etiological factors, drug-induced hypomagnesemia is highlighted because commonly used medications such as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), aminoglycoside antibiotics, and loop and thiazide diuretics can cause low magnesium levels." (abstract, passage verified)
pubmedfull study (doi)
Serum magnesium testing does not accurately reflect total body magnesium status because most magnesium resides intracellularly.
"So, your blood magnesium, serum magnesium, doesn't reflect what's going on because magnesium is mainly inside your cells. So, you have to get the intracellular magnesium level." (said at 1:55:33)
Serum magnesium concentrations do not reliably reflect total body magnesium stores because less than 1% of the body's total magnesium resides in the extracellular fluid/serum, while more than 99% is located intracellularly and in bone. Published studies and reviews consistently confirm that normal serum magnesium levels can coexist with intracellular or tissue magnesium depletion.
In the UK, health inequalities worsen as one moves northwards.
"And it also, if you start in the UK and you go northwards, it just gets worse and worse." (said at 2:01:28)
Extensive epidemiological and demographic registry data in the United Kingdom demonstrate a persistent north-south gradient in health outcomes and mortality. Moving northwards across England, regions such as the North East, North West, and Yorkshire and the Humber experience consistently higher premature and all-cause mortality rates and lower life expectancies compared with London and the South of England, a disparity driven largely by socioeconomic differences and post-industrial economic decline.
Acute psychological stress raises blood glucose levels.
"It also means if I get very stressed, it puts up my blood sugar." (said at 2:09:11)
Acute psychological and physiological stress triggers neuroendocrine pathways—principally the sympathetic nervous system, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and direct neural projections to the liver—that stimulate hepatic gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis while inducing temporary insulin resistance, rapidly raising blood glucose levels. Human experimental studies using standardized stress paradigms (such as the Trier Social Stress Test) confirm that acute psychological stress increases blood glucose concentrations or delays postprandial glucose clearance in individuals with and without metabolic disorders.
- supports: Effect of psychological stress on glucose control in patients with Type 2 diabetes. (Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association 2012) · cited 97x in the literature
"When stress is experienced in the postprandial period, acute psychological stress significantly increases glucose concentrations in patients with Type 2 diabetes." (abstract, conclusions, passage verified)
pubmedfull study (doi) - supports: Amygdala-liver signalling orchestrates glycaemic responses to stress. (Nature 2025) · cited 21x in the literature
"Here we show that acute stress activates medial amygdala (MeA) neurons that innervate the ventromedial hypothalamus (MeA VMH neurons), which precipitates hyperglycaemia and hypophagia." (abstract, results, passage verified)
pubmedfull study (doi) - supports: Neural Regulation of Blood Glucose in Acute Stress: A Report on Research Supported by Path… (Diabetes 2026) · cited 2x in the literature
"Internal and external stressors rapidly increase blood glucose, a highly conserved metabolic response. Multiple stress-modulated neural populations in the brain stem, hypothalamus, and forebrain contribute to regulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis and sympathetic nervous system to elicit hyperglycemia." (abstract, conclusions, passage verified)
pubmedfull study (doi)
Type 2 diabetes has historically not been a pediatric disease and has recently emerged as an international health problem among children.
"So type 2 diabetes is brand new as a problem for pediatricians... The international problem is that children everywhere are now suffering from type 2 diabetes." (said at 2:09:51)
Type 2 diabetes was historically considered an adult-onset metabolic condition, but epidemiological reviews confirm that youth-onset type 2 diabetes has emerged globally as a serious pediatric public health concern over recent decades. This trend has tracked closely with rising rates of pediatric obesity, characterized by a more aggressive disease phenotype and rapid development of microvascular and cardiovascular complications compared to later-onset disease.
- supports: Current insights and emerging trends in early-onset type 2 diabetes. (The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology 2023) · cited 209x in the literature
"Cases of early-onset type 2 diabetes are increasing rapidly globally, alongside rising obesity. Compared with a diagnosis later in life, an earlier-onset diagnosis carries an unexplained excess risk of microvascular complications, adverse cardiovascular outcomes, and earlier death." (abstract, background, passage verified)
pubmedfull study (doi) - supports: Global trends and hotspots of type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents: A bibliometric … (World journal of diabetes 2025) · cited 9x in the literature
"Epidemiological surveys indicate an increasing incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among children and adolescents worldwide. Due to rapid disease progression, severe long-term cardiorenal complications, a lack of effective treatment strategies, and substantial socioeconomic burdens, it has become an urgent public health issue that requires management and resolution." (abstract, background, passage verified)
pubmedfull study (doi)
Fact-checked episodes
Publications
- The ketogenic diet is not for everyone: contraindications, side effects, and drug interactions.Annals of medicine 2026 · CEBM Level 5
- Correction: Dyńka et al. Ketogenic Diets for Body Weight Loss: A Comparison with Other Diets. Nutrients 2025, 17 , 965.Nutrients 2026 · CEBM Level 5
- The Ketogenic Diet in the Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension (HTN).Biomedicines 2026 · CEBM Level 5
- Insulin Resistance: Current State of Knowledge and Clinical Implications-Toward a Better Diagnostic Framework and the Question of Its Disease Status.Nutrients 2026 · CEBM Level 5
- TOWARD, a metabolic health intervention, demonstrates robust 1-year weight loss and cost-savings through deprescription.Frontiers in nutrition 2025 · CEBM Level 4
- Ketogenic Diets for Body Weight Loss: A Comparison with Other Diets.Nutrients 2025 · CEBM Level 5
- Intermittent fasting in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.Frontiers in nutrition 2025 · CEBM Level 5
- Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of a Low-Carbohydrate Diet in Type 2 Diabetes Remission: A Systematic Review.Cureus 2025 · CEBM Level 1
- Carbohydrate Reduction and a Holistic Model of Care in Diabetes Management: Insights from a Retrospective Multi-Year Audit in New Zealand.Nutrients 2025 · CEBM Level 4
- Integrating the management of ultra-processed food addiction into type 2 diabetes care: a clinical response to De Silva et al, (2025) and practical recommendations for practitioners.Frontiers in psychiatry 2025 · CEBM Level 5
- Does a Ketogenic Diet Have a Place Within Diabetes Clinical Practice? Review of Current Evidence and Controversies.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders 2024 · CEBM Level 5
- Reducing overweight and obesity; so how are we doing?BMJ nutrition, prevention & health 2024 · CEBM Level 5
- Beneficial Effects of the Ketogenic Diet on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD/MAFLD).Journal of clinical medicine 2024 · CEBM Level 5
- Redefining Diabetes Care: Evaluating the Impact of a Carbohydrate-Reduction, Health Coach Approach Model in New Zealand.Journal of diabetes research 2024 · CEBM Level 5
- A synthesis of pathways linking diet, metabolic risk and cardiovascular disease: a framework to guide further research and approaches to evidence-based practice.Nutrition research reviews 2023 · CEBM Level 5
- What predicts drug-free type 2 diabetes remission? Insights from an 8-year general practice service evaluation of a lower carbohydrate diet with weight loss.BMJ nutrition, prevention & health 2023 · CEBM Level 4
- Dietary strategies for remission of type 2 diabetes: A narrative review.Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association 2022 · CEBM Level 5
- The "discordant doppelganger dilemma": SGLT2i mimics therapeutic carbohydrate restriction - food choice first over pharma?Journal of human hypertension 2021 · CEBM Level 5
- Bridging the gap between science-led research and evaluation of clinical practice: the role of service innovation audits and case studies.BMJ nutrition, prevention & health 2021 · CEBM Level 5
- Renal function in patients following a low carbohydrate diet for type 2 diabetes: a review of the literature and analysis of routine clinical data from a primary care service over 7 years.Current opinion in endocrinology, diabetes, and obesity 2021 · CEBM Level 4
- Evaluation of the Low Carb Program Digital Intervention for the Self-Management of Type 2 Diabetes and Prediabetes in an NHS England General Practice: Single-Arm Prospective Study.JMIR diabetes 2021 · CEBM Level 4
- Low-Carbohydrate Diets in the Management of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: A Review from Clinicians Using the Approach in Practice.International journal of environmental research and public health 2020 · CEBM Level 5
- Insights from a general practice service evaluation supporting a lower carbohydrate diet in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and prediabetes: a secondary analysis of routine clinic data including HbA1c, weight and prescribing over 6 years.BMJ nutrition, prevention & health 2020 · CEBM Level 4
- Adapting diabetes medication for low carbohydrate management of type 2 diabetes: a practical guide.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners 2019 · CEBM Level 5
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- A patient request for some "deprescribing".BMJ (Clinical research ed.) 2015 · CEBM Level 4